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研究生：	羅珮瑜 Lo, Pei-yu
論文名稱：	以醫學工程之技術來量測紫外線B照射後表皮反應之分析與數學模型預測最小致紅劑量之研究 The Analysis of Skin Reaction after UVB Irradiation by Biomedical Engineering Techniques and Mathematical Model for Minimal Erythema Doses (MED) Predicting
指導教授：	鄭國順 Cheng, Kuo-sheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 醫學工程研究所 Institute of Biomedical Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	42
中文關鍵詞：	紫外線B 、最小致紅劑量、測色儀
外文關鍵詞：	Chromameter (COR), Minimal erythema dose (MED), Ultraviolet B (UVB)
相關次數：	點閱：133 下載：3
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本研究主要應用非侵入式測量儀器，探討與分析紫外線B照射後表皮反應相關參數，其中所使用之儀器有表皮水分蒸發率測定儀與電容測定儀提供客觀的量化皮膚反應；共軛焦雷射掃描式顯微鏡提供即時各層皮膚的光學切面組織變化；雷射都卜勒灌流影像儀器以監測表層血流；色素測量儀（包含測色儀CR400可紀錄L*、a*、b*值變化，以及黑色素測量儀和血色素測量儀）紀錄表皮色素變化。本實驗共有邀請二十名健康自願者，在其手臂屈側的兩個部位，直徑各為二十公厘，分別照射紫外線B劑量 100 mj/cm2與200 mj/cm2；在照射前及二十四小時後，使用上述儀器紀錄表皮變化；從實驗結果顯示，色素測量儀及視覺評估對於紫外線照射前後有較佳的鑑別度，其中a*值與血紅素指數和視覺評估的均呈正線性相關(a*值較EI指數佳)，測色儀a*值可以提供可靠資訊，因此使用a*與視覺評估建立數學模式，用以預測最小致紅劑量。比較分析實驗數據發現，數學預測模式比目測值少10 mj/cm2，不過仍有不錯的相關係數（P＝0.758）。總結，本研究以a*為基礎建立客觀數學模型以量化紫外線B最小致紅劑量，未來將可使照光治療流程更為精準，增加治療療效與降低治療風險。

This study is to investigate and analyze the associated parameters for skin reaction after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation using non-invasive measuring devices. The device of transepidermal water loss and capacitance measurement is used to quantitatively characterize the skin response. A confocal laser scanning microscopy is employed to in-vivo analyze the tissue changes for the optical section of skin in real time. The laser Doppler perfusion imager is used to monitor the blood perfusion of skin. The colorimetric measurement (Chromameter a*, b*, and L* values; Mexameter Hb for determining the skin surface melanin index and erythema index) are also be employed for recording the changes of skin color. In this study, 20 healthy Chinese volunteers are recruited. 2 sites with 20 mm in diameter of the volar forearms are irradiated with UVB dosages of 100 mj/cm2 and 200 mj/cm2, respectively. The skin before and immediately after UVB irradiation, and 24 hours after UVB irradiation are characterized using the above mention devices. From the experimental results, it is shown that the colorimeric measurement and visual scoring (VS) provide better discrimination over UVB irradiation dosages. Both a* (A) and erythema index (EI) show very good positive linear relation to VS. (a* is better than EI.) The a* value provides more reliable information and is used to obtain a mathematical model in predicting the minimal erythema dose (MED). Comparing the experimental data, it is found that the predicted value is lower than the visual scoring by 10 mj/cm2. However, the correlation of MED values obtained using the visual assessment and mathematical prediction is fairly high (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.758). In conclusion, the mathematical model in the estimation of MED basing on the a* for the UVB irradiated skin is constructed in this study. In the future, a more precise treatment procedure of UVB irradiation, as well as a more treatment efficacy and a less treatment risk may be expected and provided.

摘要	I
ABSTRACT	II
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	III
CONTENTS	IV
LIST OF TABLES	V
LIST OF FIGURES	VI

Chapter 1 Introduction	1
1.1 Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation	1
1.2 The role of minimal erythema dose (MED) in phototherapy	2
1.3 Bioengineering techniques in the quantification of skin reactions	3
1.4 The potential of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM)	4
1.5 The theory of laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDI)	5
1.6 The test standard dosage of UVB irradiation	7
1.7 Motivation and purpose	8
1.8 The organization of the thesis	8

Chapter 2 Materials and Methods	10
2.1 Research framework	10
2.2 Materials	11
2.3 Methods	16
2.4 Colorimetric determination of MED with mathematical model	20
2.5 Statistics	21

Chapter 3 Experimental Results	23
3.1 Constitutive colorimetric readings	23
3.2 Assessment of melanin pigmentation after UV irradiation by laser scanning  confocal microscopy	24
3.3 Assessment of blood flux after UVB irradiation	25
3.4 Statically analysis of different non-invasive biomedical techniques	27
3.5 MED measured by conventional visual method and mathematical model	32

Chapter 4 Discussions and Conclusions	34
4.1 Discussions	34
4.2 Conclusions and prospects	36

References	38
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 The dosage schedule of UVB phototherapy. The first step is to determine MED.	3
Table 3.1 The descriptive statistics of constitutive colorimetric readings	23
Table 3.2 The correlations between MEDs and constitutive colorimetric readings	24
Table 3.3 The descriptive statistics of mean differences with biomedical techniques. EI, COR and a* increase with higher UVB irradiation. On the contrary, MI, L* and b* decrease. Discrepancy: TEWL, COR, SC, DP, LDI.	28
Table 3.4 Repeated-measurement ANOVA models. The highest F- value suggests the best discriminatory ability. Positive discrimination measure include M, E, L, A, B, LDI and VS.	29
Table 3.5 Pairwise comparisons for the time-dependent effect before and after UVB irradiation. The pairwise comparison (t-test) is positive for 100mj/cm2 and 200mj/cm2 UVB irradiated doses in MI, EI, L, A, B, and VS. LDI is only positive at  200mj/cm2 irradiated dosesI.	30
Table 3.6 The Pearson correlation coefficients of visual scoring, a* value and EI. P= 0.578 over 0.501 at 100mj/cm2 and P= 0.938 over 0.758 at 200mj/cm2 The a* value is better than EI index.	31
Table 3.7 Data comparing between low and high MED groups (a) Minimal erythema dose (MED) values are divided into 2 groups. MED less than 90 mj/cm2 in 11 persons and MED more than 90 mj/cm2 in the others. (b) No differences between the 2 groups.	32
Table 3.8 MED values comparing between visual assessment and mathematical model.	33







LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 An illustration of absorption and scattering in the skin. The penetration depth for different wavelength regions is indicated on left side.	2
Figure 1.2 The histology of normal human skin. a: stratum cornium; b: stratum granulosum; c: stratum basalis; d: papillary dermis	5
Figure 1.3 (a) The theory of laser Doppler imager. (b) The framework of LDI.	6
Figure 2.1 The research framework	10
Figure 2.2 UVB radiation source.	11
Figure 2.3 The software of mexameter Hb. The yellow columns are the measuring values. The green column is the average.	14
Figure 2.4 The software of TEWL. The yellow columns are the measuring values. The green column is the average.	14
Figure 2.5 The software of corneometer. The yellow columns are the measuring values. The green column is the average.	14
Figure 2.6 Multi-measurement approaches for epidermis reaction to UVB irradiation.	19
Figure 2.7 Colorimetric determination of MED with mathematical model	21
Figure 3.1 Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) of supranuclear melanin caps of dermal-epidermal junction in the forearm skin in relation to UVB exposure. (a)& (b) One representative case before and after 100mj UVB irradiation. (c)& (d) The same case before and after 200mj UVB irradiation.	25
Figure 3.2 The software of laser Doppler imaging. The LDI range features a CCD camera which produces a color image of the scanned area, making the positioning and comparison of images easier (a) Before UVB irradiation. (b) After 100 and 200 mj/cm2 UVB irradiation. (c) Blood perfusion feature extraction and the resulting values are statistically evaluated between the different irradiated areas.	26
Figure 3.3 The individual MED value evaluated by conventional visual determination and mathematical model.	33
                                    

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2010-08-25公開

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