為掌握職場作業勞工對具有危害健康之化學品暴露，建立量化暴露模式推估以取代昂貴耗時的環測採樣分析，已愈來愈被重視與使用。為推廣暴露模式之應用可行性，本研究以樹脂製造業多聚甲醛倉庫之甲醛暴露為對象，利用理論建構與實廠監測來印證與修正暴露模式，進而評估勞工之暴露狀況與健康風險，以及其常用之相關呼吸防護措施。在運用暴露模式推估時，時常會缺乏污染物產生率(Generation rate, G)以及污染物非通風移除率(non-ventilation related removal rate, Ksink)二項重要參數，增加了推估不確定性與誤差。因此本研究使用First order Runge-Kutta方法，結合線性回歸方程式，推導出G與Ksink計算式，並透過暴露腔試驗取得甲醛之G與Ksink，結合現場環境參數(倉庫體積與多聚甲醛貯存量)後，利用完全混合盒模式，建構倉庫之暴露推估模式，以合理推估倉庫現場甲醛濃度，再使用實廠測值對模式進行驗證與修正，以合理評估勞工長短期暴露濃度與分級、終身健康風險，及提出呼吸防護具選用建議。
在取得倉庫樣本並模擬現場實際包裝等條件下，由暴露腔試驗得到甲醛的G (mean ± sd)為1.46 x 10-3 ± 6.53 x 10-5 mg/min/kg；Ksink (mean ± sd)為4.50 x 10-3 ± 2.77 x 10-4 m3/min，利用模式推估得現場倉庫之甲醛暴露濃度(mean ± sd)為0.37 ± 0.15 mg/m3，經與實廠測值驗證並修正模式後，得以推估倉庫作業勞工之長短期甲醛平均暴露濃度，8小時(TWA)暴露濃度為1.86 x 10-2 ppm，15分鐘(STEL)暴露濃度為2.23 x 10-1 ppm，均在法規所訂定之容許暴露限值內。惟為考慮不確定性，以第95百分位值進行暴露分級(第0 ~ 4級)，在以台灣及美國OSHA容許濃度標準(台灣STEL與TWA分別為2及1 ppm；美國OSHA STEL與TWA分別為2及0.75 ppm)下，其STEL與TWA暴露分級均落在2級( < 0.5 PEL )之下，僅需持續監測與維持現有控制措施即可；而在更為嚴格的美國工業衛生師協會(ACGIH)與美國安全衛生研究所(NIOSH)之容許濃度標準(ACGIH STEL與TWA分別為0.3及0.1 ppm；NIOSH STEL與TWA分別為0.1及0.016 ppm)下，暴露分級可能會落在第4級( ≧ PEL)，需立即改善與採行必要控制措施，並於短期內再評估，使勞工暴露低於容許濃度標準。由於倉庫作業勞工暴露時間與次數短暫，在終身致癌健康風險評估上，其健康風險分級為第一級( <10-6)。
基於現場甲醛暴露條件的變動性與暴露分級第4級之可能性，應用呼吸防護具防護計畫相關規定與指引，評估現場所選用的有機氣體過濾式呼吸防護具，發現當在模式推估的倉庫甲醛平均暴露濃度之情況下，廠商現有的過濾式呼吸防護具之有機濾毒罐其可適當防護甲醛氣體，而為保護作業勞工與方便行政管理，在適當保管維護條件下，建議每2個月更換一個濾毒罐為宜。

To conduct exposure and health risk assessment and evaluate the selection of respiratory protective equipment of workers in paraformaldehyde warehouse, a formaldehyde exposure model is established. This study uses Runge-Kutta and statistic methods to establish the theoretical G and Ksink on the WMB model. Then, the generation rate (G) and non-ventilation related removal rate (Ksink) of formaldehyde were obtained through the chamber experiment, and the field environmental parameters, are used to establish the warehouse exposure model. Field measurements are used to validate and modify the WMB model for reasonably assessing the exposure. The model and Monte Carlo simulation tool are used to estimated field and long-term formaldehyde concentration. After applying the exposure estimation, the worker exposure banding is categorized as level 2 (< 0.5PEL) under the PEL standard of Taiwan and the OSHA. While in the more stringent ACGIH and NIOSH PELs, the exposure banding may fall into level 4 ( ≧ 1 PEL ). The long-term cancer health risk is categorized as level 1 (<10-6) of warehouse workers. As to respirator selection, the cartridge has batter to be replaced every 2 months for protecting the worker from formaldehyde properly.

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