本研究係有關鈷/氧化銫鎢(Co/CsxWO3)複合奈米粒子之合成及其太陽光熱增強觸媒分解甲醛性能之研究。首先利用溶熱合成法製備出在近紅外光具有吸收特性之氧化銫鎢並在600°C下進行煅燒，再使用APTES對其表面進行修飾後，接著以聯氨還原法將鈷離子前驅物還原為鈷奈米粒子並複合於氧化銫鎢的表面上，最後將此複合觸媒分散於異丙醇後塗佈於玻璃上進行甲醛催化反應實驗。此觸媒展現了優異的光熱效應，在太陽光的照射下可令觸媒的表面溫度提升21.9°C。在探討光熱對Co/CsxWO3-0.5觸媒催化甲醛反應所造成的影響時，可得知在有太陽光的輔助下，甲醛分解量在首60分鐘的反應中共提升了13.3%，而在240分鐘的催化反應在照光下比沒照光時甲醛分解量也提高了2.3%。此實驗符合二階反應動力學方程式，通過計算可得出在太陽光的照射下，觸媒的催化反應速率常數可達0.01478min-1ppm-1，遠比不照光時的0.006181min-1ppm-1還高出2.39倍。另外，Co/CsxWO3-0.5觸媒在穩定性測試中於太陽光的照射下重複進行了五次為時100分鐘的甲醛催化反應後，在第五次的反應中依然能將甲醛濃度降至40.2%。因此，Co/CsxWO3-0.5觸媒集合了以上所述之特點，相信此觸媒在未來必定能發展出極大的應用潛力。

This research concerns the preparation of Co/CsxWO3 nanocatalyst with various amounts of cobalt to catalyze formaldehyde's degradation at room temperature. Rod-like CsxWO3 synthesized by solvothermal method followed by calcination under 600°C in 5%H2/95%Ar atmosphere, then cobalt nanoparticles formed and attached on the surface of cesium tungsten bronze with help of APTES after Co(NO3)2 undergo reduction by hydrazine before coated on glass. The Co/CsxWO3 nanocatalyst possessed excellent solar thermal ability due to strong absorption of NIR, the surface temperature of glass coated by Co/CsxWO3 nanocatalyst has increased 21.9°C when under irradiation of solar light for 10 minutes. The as-prepared Co/CsxWO3-0.5 exhibited superior catalytic activity which was able to eliminate 75.8% of formaldehyde concentration. With the assistance of solar light, the amount of formaldehyde decomposition increased by 13.3% in the first 60 minutes of the reaction, and in 240 minutes the amount of formaldehyde decomposed is increased by 2.3% which both are compared to the catalytic reaction without solar light irradiation. Furthermore, this experiment conforms to the second-order reaction kinetics equation, and it concluded that under the solar light, the catalytic reaction rate constant of the catalyst can reach 0.01478min-1ppm-1, which is much higher than when there is no light. Additionally, Co/CsxWO3-0.5 can reduce the concentration of HCHO to 40.2% even after 5 times 100 minutes of formaldehyde degradation reaction. Hence, this study provides a new vision into formaldehyde degradation by using low-cost transition-metal nanocatalyst composited with solar thermal materials.

[1] H. Lin, D. Chen, H. Liu, X. Zou, and T. Chen, "Effect of MnO2 crystalline structure on the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde," Aerosol and Air Quality Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1011–1020, 2017.
[2] S. Lu, X. Wang, Q. Zhu, C. Chen, X. Zhou, F. Huang, K. Li, L. He, Y. Liu, and F. Pang, "Ag-K/MnO2 nanorods as highly efficient catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation at low temperature," RSC Advances, vol. 8, no. 26, pp. 14221–14228, 2018.
[3] W. Shao, H. Zhang, D. Wan, X. Zhang, and N. Chang, "Preparation of MnO2@P(AN-VDC)/AC composite fibers for high capacity formaldehyde removal," Materials Letters, vol. 242, pp. 51–54, 2019.
[4] X. Zhu, X. Gao, R. Qin, Y. Zeng, R. Qu, C. Zheng, and X. Tu, "Plasma-catalytic removal of formaldehyde over Cu–Ce catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 170, pp. 293–300, 2015.
[5] S. Huang, B. Cheng, J. Yu, and C. Jiang, "Hierarchical Pt/MnO2-Ni (OH)2 hybrid nanoflakes with enhanced room-temperature formaldehyde oxidation activity," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 12481–12488, 2018.
[6] J. Guo, C. Lin, C. Jiang, and P. Zhang, "Review on noble metal-based catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature," Applied Surface Science, vol. 475, pp. 237–255, 2019.
[7] A. Yusuf, C. Snape, J. He, H. Xu, C. Liu, and M. Zhao, "Advances on transition metal oxides catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation: A review," Catalysis Reviews, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 189–233, 2017.
[8] Z. Zhou, X. Wang, H. Zhang, H. Huang, L. Sun, L. Ma, Y. Du, C. Pei, Q. Zhang, H. Li, L. Ma, L. Gu, Z. Liu, L. Cheng, and C. Tan, "Activating layered metal oxide nanomaterials via structural engineering as biodegradable nanoagents for photothermal cancer therapy," Small, vol. 17, no. 12, p. 2007486, 2021.
[9] Q. Zhang, Y. Peng, F. Deng, M. Wang, and D. Chen, "Porous Z-scheme MnO2/Mn-modified alkalinized g-C3N4 heterojunction with excellent Fenton-like photocatalytic activity for efficient degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 246, p. 116890, 2020.
[10] M. U. Farid, J. A. Kharraz, and A. K. An, "Plasmonic titanium nitride nano-enabled membranes with high structural stability for efficient photothermal desalination," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3805–3815, 2021.
[11] F. Liu, Y. Lai, B. Zhao, R. Bradley, and W. Wu, "Photothermal materials for efficient solar powered steam generation," Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 636–653, 2019.
[12] X. Xu, W. Zhang, Y. Hu, Y. Wang, L. Lu, and S. Wang, "Preparation and overall energy performance assessment of wide waveband two-component transparent NIR shielding coatings," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 168, pp. 119–129, 2017.
[13] E. Yu, J. Li, J. Chen, J. Chen, Z. Hong, and H. Jia, "Enhanced photothermal catalytic degradation of toluene by loading Pt nanoparticles on manganese oxide: Photoactivation of lattice oxygen," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 388, p. 121800, 2020.
[14] X. Wu, J. Wang, G. Zhang, K. Katsutmata, K. Yanagisawa, T. Sato, and S. Yin, "Series of MxWO3/ZnO (M=K, Rb, NH4) nanocomposites: Combination of energy saving and environmental decontamination functions," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 201, pp. 128–136, 2017.
[15] C. Yang, J.-F. Chen, X. Zeng, D. Cheng, and D. Cao, "Design of the alkali-metal-doped WO3 as a near-infrared shielding material for smart window," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 53, no. 46, pp. 17981–17988, 2014.
[16] N. E. Fouad, A. K. Nohman, M. A. Mohamed, and M. I. Zaki, "Characterization of ammonium tungsten bronze [(NH4)0.33WO3] in the thermal decomposition course of ammonium paratungstate," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 23–31, 2000.
[17] T. M. Mattox, A. Bergerud, A. Agrawal, and D. J. Milliron, "Influence of shape on the surface plasmon resonance of tungsten bronze nanocrystals," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1779–1784, 2014.
[18] S. Hossein Hosseini, A. Azimi, and M. B. Dolabi, "Study of UV-Visible and near infrared absorption CsxWO3/polypyrrole nanocomposite," Materials Research Innovations, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 335–340, 2020.
[19] C. Guo, S. Yin, M. Yan, and T. Sato, "Facile synthesis of homogeneous CsxWO3 nanorods with excellent low-emissivity and NIR shielding property by a water controlled-release process," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 5099–5105, 2011.
[20] C. Guo, S. Yin, Y. Huang, Q. Dong, and T. Sato, "Synthesis of W18O49 nanorod via ammonium tungsten oxide and its interesting optical properties," Langmuir, vol. 27, no. 19, pp. 12172–12178, 2011.
[21] Y. Li, X. Wu, J. Li, K. Wang, and G. Zhang, "Z-scheme g-C3N4@ CsxWO3 heterostructure as smart window coating for UV isolating, Vis penetrating, NIR shielding and full spectrum photocatalytic decomposing VOCs," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 229, pp. 218–226, 2018.
[22] H. Man, C. Wang, Y. Sun, Y. Ning, P. Song, and W. Huang, "Studies on CsxWO3/BiOCl composite as a novel visible light droven photocatalyst," Journal of Materiomics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 338–343, 2016.
[23] C.J. Chen and D.H. Chen, "Preparation and near-infrared photothermal conversion property of cesium tungsten oxide nanoparticles," Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2013.
[24] L. Chao, L. Bao, W. Wei, and O. Tegus, "A review of recent advances in synthesis, characterization and NIR shielding property of nanocrystalline rare-earth hexaborides and tungsten bronzes," Solar Energy, vol. 190, pp. 10–27, 2019.
[25] K. Adachi, Y. Ota, H. Tanaka, M. Okada, N. Oshimura, and A. Tofuku, "Chromatic instabilities in cesium-doped tungsten bronze nanoparticles," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 114, no. 19, p. 194304, 2013.
[26] S. Y. Lee, J. Y. Kim, J. Y. Lee, H. J. Song, S. Lee, K. H. Choi, and G. Shin, "Facile fabrication of high-efficiency near-infrared absorption film with tungsten bronze nanoparticle dense layer," Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2014.
[27] H. Takeda and K. Adachi, "Near infrared absorption of tungsten oxide nanoparticle dispersions," Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 90, no. 12, pp. 4059–4061, 2007.
[28] X. Wu, S. Yin, D. Xue, S. Komarneni, and T. Sato, "A CsxWO3/ZnO nanocomposite as a smart coating for photocatalytic environmental cleanup and heat insulation," Nanoscale, vol. 7, no. 40, pp. 17048–17054, 2015.
[29] J. X. Liu, X. J. Wang, F. Shi, Z. J. Peng, J. Y. Luo, Q. Xu, and P. C. Du, "Hydrothermal synthesis of cesium tungsten bronze and its heat insulation properties," in Advanced Materials Research, vol. 531: Trans Tech Publ, pp. 235–239, 2012.
[30] D. Jugović, M. Mitrić, M. Kuzmanović, N. Cvjetićanin, S. Marković, S. Škapin, and D. Uskoković, "Rapid crystallization of LiFePO4 particles by facile emulsion-mediated solvothermal synthesis," Powder Technology, vol. 219, pp. 128–134, 2012.
[31] J. Liu, F. Shi, and X. Dong, "Morphology and phase controlled synthesis of CsxWO3 powders by solvothermal method and their optical properties," Powder Technology, vol. 270, pp. 329–336, 2015.
[32] L. Huang, H. Tang, Y. Bai, Y. Pu, L. Li, and J. Cheng, "Preparation of monodispersed Cs0.33WO3 nanocrystals by mist chemical vapor deposition for near-infrared shielding application," Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 2295, 2020.
[33] L. Wang, J. Zhan, W. Fan, G. Cui, H. Sun, L. Zhuo, X. Zhao, and B. Tang, "Microcrystalline sodium tungsten bronze nanowire bundles as efficient visible light-responsive photocatalysts," Chemical Communications, vol. 46, no. 46, pp. 8833–8835, 2010.
[34] J. H. Kim, G. Magesh, H J. Kang, M. Banu, J. H. Kim, J. Lee, and J. S. Lee, "Carbonate-coordinated cobalt co-catalyzed BiVO4/WO3 composite photoanode tailored for CO2 reduction to fuels," Nano Energy, vol. 15, pp. 153–163, 2015.
[35] L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Cheng, Z. Liu, Q. Guo, M. N. Ha, and Z. Zhao "Hydrogen-treated mesoporous WO3 as a reducing agent of CO2 to fuels (CH4 and CH3OH) with enhanced photothermal catalytic performance," Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 5314–5322, 2016.
[36] X. Li, J. Yu, M. Jaroniec, and X. Chen, "Cocatalysts for selective photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels," Chemical Reviews, vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 3962–4179, 2019.
[37] L. Yi, W. Zhao, Y. Huang, X. Wu, J. Wang, and G. Zhang, "Tungsten bronze Cs0.33WO3 nanorods modified by molybdenum for improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction directly from air," Science China Materials, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 2206–2214, 2020.
[38] C. Guo, S. Yin, L. Huang, and T. Sato, "Synthesis of one-dimensional potassium tungsten bronze with excellent near-infrared absorption property," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 3, no. 7, pp. 2794–2799, 2011.
[39] C. S. Long, H.-H. Lu, D.-F. Lii, and J.-L. Huang, "Effects of annealing on near-infrared shielding properties of Cs-doped tungsten oxide thin films deposited by electron beam evaporation," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 284, pp. 75–79, 2015.
[40] S. Tsukada, Y. Nakanishi, H. Kai, T. Ishimoto, K. Okada, Y. Adachi, I. Imae, and J. Ohshita, "NIR‐shielding films based on PEDOT‐PSS/polysiloxane and polysilsesquioxane hybrid," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 137, no. 7, p. 48367, 2020.
[41] C. Guo, S. Yin, L. Huang, L. Yang, and T. Sato, "Discovery of an excellent IR absorbent with a broad working waveband: CsxWO3 nanorods," Chemical Communications, vol. 47, no. 31, pp. 8853–8855, 2011.
[42] C. Liu, L. Zhang, Y. He, and W. Yu, "Enhancement of photo-thermal conversion performance of the nanofluids through spectral complementarity between silver and cesium tungstate oxide Nanoparticles," Journal of Thermal Science, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1322–1332, 2020.
[43] J. Mu, X. Meng, L. Chen, Z. Lu, Q. Mou, X. Li, S. Wang, and H. Yue, "Highly stable and biocompatible W18O49@PEG-PCL hybrid nanospheres combining CT imaging and cancer photothermal therapy," RSC Advances, 7, 10692–10699, 2017.
[44] Y. K. Kim, E. B. Kang, S. M. Kim, C. P. Park, I. In, and S. Y. Park, "Performance of NIR-mediated antibacterial continuous flow microreactors prepared by mussel-inspired immobilization of Cs0. 33WO3 photothermal agents," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 3192–3200, 2017.
[45] W. Guo, C. Guo, N. Zheng, T. Sun, and S. Liu, "CsxWO3 nanorods coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers as a multifunctional nanomaterial for bimodal imaging‐guided photothermal/photodynamic cancer treatment," Advanced Materials, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 1604157, 2017.
[46] M. Salavati-Niasari, Z. Fereshteh, and F. Davar, "Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles from [bis(2-hydroxyacetophenato) cobalt(II)] by thermal decomposition," Polyhedron, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1065–1068, 2009.
[47] J. Osuna, D. d. Caro, C. Amiens, B. Chaudret, E. Snoeck, M. Respaud, J. Broto, and A. Fert, "Synthesis, characterization, and magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles from an organometallic precursor," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 100, no. 35, pp. 14571–14574, 1996.
[48] A. W. Hull, "X-ray crystal analysis of thirteen common metals," Physical Review, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 571, 1921.
[49] D. P. Dinega and M. Bawendi, "A solution‐phase chemical approach to a new crystal structure of cobalt," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 38, no. 12, pp. 1788–1791, 1999.
[50] V. A. de la Peña O’Shea, I. d. P. Moreira, A. Roldán, and F. Illas, "Electronic and magnetic structure of bulk cobalt: The α, β, and ε-phases from density functional theory calculations," The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 133, no. 2, p. 024701, 2010.
[51] N. Shukla, E. B. Svedberg, J. Ell, and A. Roy, "Surfactant effects on the shapes of cobalt nanoparticles," Materials Letters, vol. 60, no. 16, pp. 1950–1955, 2006.
[52] H. Yang, C. Shen, Y. Su, T. Yang, H. Gao, and Y. Wang, "Self-assembly and magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 82, no. 26, pp. 4729–4731, 2003.
[53] S. Ansari, R. Bhor, K. Pai, D. Sen, S. Mazumder, K. Ghosh, Y. Kolekar, and C. Ramana, "Cobalt nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Facile synthesis, physiochemical characterization, cytotoxicity behavior and biocompatibility," Applied Surface Science, vol. 414, pp. 171–187, 2017.
[54] A. S. Zola, R. U. Ribeiro, J. M. C. Bueno, D. Zanchet, and P. A. Arroyo, "Cobalt nanoparticles prepared by three different methods," Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 398–405, 2014.
[55] V. c. A. de la Peña O′ Shea, P. R. r. de la Piscina, N. Homs, G. Aromi, and J. L. Fierro, "Development of hexagonal closed-packed cobalt nanoparticles stable at high temperature," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 21, no. 23, pp. 5637–5643, 2009.
[56] X. Lin, C. Sorensen, K. Klabunde, and G. Hadjipanayis, "Temperature dependence of morphology and magnetic properties of cobalt nanoparticles prepared by an inverse micelle technique," Langmuir, vol. 14, no. 25, pp. 7140–7146, 1998.
[57] G. Seong, S. Takami, T. Arita, K. Minami, D. Hojo, A. R. Yavari, and T. Adschiri, "Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of metallic cobalt nanoparticles and its thermodynamic analysis," The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 60, pp. 113–120, 2011.
[58] A. Gurav, T. Kodas, T. Pluym, and Y. Xiong, "Aerosol processing of materials," Aerosol Science and Technology, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 411–452, 1993.
[59] H. D. Jang, D. W. Hwang, D. P. Kim, H. C. Kim, B. Y. Lee, and I. B. Jeong, "Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles in the gas phase (I): kinetics of cobalt dichloride reduction," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 407–411, 2003.
[60] H. D. Jang, D. W. Hwang, D. P. Kim, H. C. Kim, B. Y. Lee, and I. B. Jeong, "Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles by hydrogen reduction of cobalt chloride in the gas phase," Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 63–70, 2004.
[61] M. Salavati-Niasari, F. Davar, M. Mazaheri, and M. Shaterian, "Preparation of cobalt nanoparticles from [bis(salicylidene) cobalt (II)]–oleylamine complex by thermal decomposition," Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 320, no. 3–4, pp. 575-578, 2008.
[62] H. Shao, Y. Huang, H. Lee, Y. J. Suh, and C. Kim, "Effect of surfactants on the size and shape of cobalt nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 99, no. 8, p. 08N702, 2006.
[63] A. S. Adekunle, J. A.O. Oyekunle, L. M. Durosinmi, O. S. Oluwafemi, D. S. Olayanju, A. S. Akinola, O. R. Obisesan, O. F. Akinyele, and T. A. Ajayeoba, "Potential of cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles as nanocatalyst towards dyes degradation in wastewater," Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects, vol. 21, p. 100405, 2020.
[64] Y. Deng, Z. Lu, F. Xie, H. Liang, Y. Wang, and X. Du, "Liquid phase synthesis: preparation of co microspheres by hydrazine reducing method," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 167, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012042, 2017.
[65] O. A. Fouad, S. A. Makhlouf, G. A. Ali, and A. El-Sayed, "Cobalt/silica nanocomposite via thermal calcination-reduction of gel precursors," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 128, no. 1–2, pp. 70-76, 2011.
[66] H. Won, H. Nersisyan, and C. Won, "Cobalt powders and porous cobalt particles prepared by co-reduction of hydrazine and sodium phosphate and its formation mechanism," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 225–231, 2012.
[67] L. Wu, Q. Li, C. H. Wu, H. Zhu, A. Mendoza-Garcia, B. Shen, J. Guo, and S. Sun, "Stable cobalt nanoparticles and their monolayer array as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 137, no. 22, pp. 7071–7074, 2015.
[68] A. Song, W. Yang, W. Yang, G. Sun, X. Yin, L. Gao, Y. Wang, X. Qin, and G. Shao, "Facile synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles entirely encapsulated in slim nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as oxygen reduction catalyst," ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 3973–3981, 2017.
[69] T. A. Le, M. S. Kim, S. H. Lee, and E. D. Park, "CO and CO2 methanation over supported cobalt catalysts," Topics in Catalysis, vol. 60, no. 9, pp. 714–720, 2017.
[70] M. Jakoobi, V. Dardun, L. Veyre, V. Meille, C. Camp, and C. Thieuleux, "Developing a highly active catalytic system based on cobalt nanoparticles for terminal and internal alkene hydrosilylation," The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 85, no. 18, pp. 11732–11740, 2020.
[71] P. Riani, G. Garbarino, T. Cavattoni, F. Canepa, and G. Busca, "Unsupported cobalt nanoparticles as catalysts: Effect of preparation method on catalytic activity in CO2 methanation and ethanol steam reforming," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 50, pp. 27319–27328, 2019.
[72] Y. Sha, I. Mathew, Q. Cui, M. Clay, F. Gao, X. J. Zhang, and Z. Gu, "Rapid degradation of azo dye methyl orange using hollow cobalt nanoparticles," Chemosphere, vol. 144, pp. 1530–1535, 2016.
[73] F. Wang, N. Wang, X. Han, D. Liu, Y. Wang, L. Cui, P. Xu, and Y. Du, "Core-shell FeCo@carbon nanoparticles encapsulated in polydopamine-derived carbon nanocages for efficient microwave absorption," Carbon, vol. 145, pp. 701–711, 2019.
[74] X. Liang, Z. Man, B. Quan, J. Zheng, W. Gu, Z. Zhang, and G. Ji, "Environment-stable CoxNiy encapsulation in stacked porous carbon nanosheets for enhanced microwave absorption," Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.
[75] J. Deng, S. Li, Y. Zhou, L. Liang, B. Zhao, X. Zhang, and R. Zhang, "Enhancing the microwave absorption properties of amorphous CoO nanosheet-coated Co(hexagonal and cubic phases) through interfacial polarizations," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 509, pp. 406–413, 2018.
[76] J.-H. Ha, S. Lee, B. Park, J. Lee, and I.-H. Song, "Feasibility of as-prepared reticulated porous barium titanate without additional radar-absorbing material coating in potential military applications," Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1481–1491, 2020.
[77] B. Wang, H. Liao, X. Xie, Q. Wu, and T. Liu, "Bead-like cobalt nanoparticles coated with dielectric SiO2 and carbon shells for high-performance microwave absorber," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 578, pp. 346–357, 2020.
[78] M. C. Urbina, S. Zinoveva, T. Miller, C. M. Sabliov, W. T. Monroe, and C. S. Kumar, "Investigation of magnetic nanoparticle−polymer composites for multiple-controlled drug delivery," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 112, no. 30, pp. 11102–11108, 2008.
[79] T. Wang, Y. Yu, H. Tian, and J. Hu, "A novel non‐enzymatic glucose sensor based on cobalt nanoparticles implantation‐modified indium tin oxide electrode," Electroanalysis, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 2693–2700, 2014.
[80] J. Dobson, "Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery," Drug Development Research, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2006.
[81] C. Alexiou, R. Jurgons, R. Schmid, A. Hilpert, C. Bergemann, F. Parak, and H. Iro, "In vitro and in vivo investigations of targeted chemotherapy with magnetic nanoparticles," Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 293, no. 1, pp. 389–393, 2005.
[82] Q. A. Pankhurst, J. Connolly, S. K. Jones, and J. Dobson, "Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 36, no. 13, p. R167, 2003.
[83] E. Rauwel, S. Al-Arag, H. Salehi, C.O. Amorim, F. Cuisinier, M. Guha, M.S. Rosario, and P. Rauwel, "Assessing cobalt metal nanoparticles uptake by cancer cells using live Raman spectroscopy," International Journal of Nanomedicine, vol. 15, p. 7051, 2020.
[84] J. Ye, Y. Yu, J. Fan, B. Cheng, J. Yu, and H. Wing-Kei, "Room-temperature formaldehyde catalytic decomposition," Environmental Science: Nano, 7, 3655–3709, 2020.
[85] T. Cai, P. Zhang, X. Shen, E. Huang, X. Shen, J. Shi, Z. Wang, and Q. Sun, "Synthesis of Pt-Loaded NiFe-LDH nanosheets on wood veneer for efficient gaseous formaldehyde degradation," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 33, pp. 37147–37154, 2020.
[86] X. Tang, Y. Bai, A. Duong, M. T. Smith, L. Li, and L. Zhang, "Formaldehyde in China: production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects," Environment International, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1210–1224, 2009.
[87] F. Huang, X. Wang, Q. Zhu, K. Li, X. Zhou, S. Lu, Z. Fan, L. He, Y. Liu, and F. Pang, "Efficient formaldehyde elimination over Ag/MnO2 nanorods: Influence of the Ag loading," Catalysis Surveys from Asia, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 33–40, 2019.
[88] C. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, X. Zhang, R. Li, and C. Fan, "Synthesis of MnO2 modified porous carbon spheres by preoxidation-assisted impregnation for catalytic oxidation of indoor formaldehyde," Journal of Porous Materials, pp. 1–15, 2020.
[89] Z. Wang, H. Yu, Y. Xiao, L. Guo, L. Zhang, and X. Dong, "Polydopamine mediated modification of manganese oxide on melamine sponge for photothermocatalysis of gaseous formaldehyde," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 407, p. 124795, 2021.
[90] S. S. Kim, K. H. Park, and S. C. Hong, "A study on HCHO oxidation characteristics at room temperature using a Pt/TiO2 catalyst," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 398, no. 1–2, pp. 96-103, 2011.
[91] R. Fang, M. He, H. Huang, Q. Feng, J. Ji, Y. Zhan, D. Y.C. Leung, and W. Zhao, "Effect of redox state of Ag on indoor formaldehyde degradation over Ag/TiO2 catalyst at room temperature," Chemosphere, vol. 213, pp. 235–243, 2018.
[92] B. B. Chen, X. B. Zhu, M. Crocker, Y. Wang, and C. Shi, "FeOx-supported gold catalysts for catalytic removal of formaldehyde at room temperature," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 154, pp. 73–81, 2014.
[93] Z. Wang, J. Pei, and J. Zhang, "Catalytic oxidization of indoor formaldehyde at room temperature–Effect of operation conditions," Building and Environment, vol. 65, pp. 49–57, 2013.
[94] D. Zhu, "Formaldehyde oxidation over Co@N-doped carbon at room temperature: tunable Co size and intensified surface electron density," ACS ES&T Engineering, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 917–927, 2021.
[95] D. Zhu, Y. Huang, J. J. Cao, S. C. Lee, M. Chen, and Z. Shen, "Cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in porous nitrogen-doped carbon: Oxygen activation and efficient catalytic removal of formaldehyde at room temperature," Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 258, p. 117981, 2019.
[96] B. Chen, B. Wu, L. Yu, M. Crocker, and C. Shi, "Investigation into the catalytic roles of various oxygen species over different crystal phases of MnO2 for C6H6 and HCHO oxidation," ACS Catalysis, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 6176–6187, 2020.
[97] J. Y. Zheng, W. K. Zhao, X. Wang, Z. Zheng, Y. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Yan, X. Song, and C. B. Han, "Electric-enhanced hydrothermal synthesis of manganese dioxide for the synergistic catalytic of indoor low-concentration formaldehyde at room temperature," Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 401, p. 125790, 2020.
[98] S. Lu, K. Li, F. Huang, C. Chen, and B. Sun, "Efficient MnOx-Co3O4-CeO2 catalysts for formaldehyde elimination," Applied Surface Science, vol. 400, pp. 277–282, 2017.
[99] Z. Qu, D. Chen, Y. Sun, and Y. Wang, "High catalytic activity for formaldehyde oxidation of AgCo/APTES@MCM-41 prepared by two steps method," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 487, pp. 100–109, 2014.
[100] X. Hong, Y. Sun, T. Zhu, and Z. Liu, "Pt–Au/CeO2 catalysts for the simultaneous removal of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde," Catalysis Science & Technology, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 3606–3615, 2016.
[101] M. Faraday, "X. The Bakerian Lecture.—Experimental relations of gold (and other metals) to light," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, no. 147, pp. 145–181, 1857.
[102] G. Mie, "Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen," Annalen der physik, vol. 330, no. 3, pp. 377–445, 1908.
[103] A. Yang, D. Wang, W. Wang, and T. W. Odom, "Coherent light sources at the nanoscale," Annual review of physical chemistry, vol. 68, pp. 83–99, 2017.
[104] D. Du and X. Hong, "Studies on LSPR effect of assembled gold nanoparticles film," in: L. Zhou (Ed.), International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2007: Optoelectronic System Design, Manufacturing, and Testing, vol. 6624, International Society for Optics and Photonics, Washington, p. 66240E, 2008.
[105] N. Ajdari, C. Vyas, S. L. Bogan, B. A. Lwaleed, and B. G. Cousins, "Gold nanoparticle interactions in human blood: a model evaluation," Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1531–1542, 2017.
[106] J. L. Hammond, N. Bhalla, S. D. Rafiee, and P. Estrela, "Localized surface plasmon resonance as a biosensing platform for developing countries," Biosensors, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 172–188, 2014.
[107] S. Ran, J. Liu, F. Shi, C. Fan, J. Yang, B. Chen, and S.H. Liu, "Microstructure regulation of CsxWO3 nanoparticles by organic acid for improved transparent thermal insulation performance," Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 109, pp. 273–280, 2019.
[108] J. Wisniak, "The history of catalysis. From the beginning to Nobel Prizes," Educación Química, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 60–69, 2010.
[109] E. J. G. Suárez, "Palladium complexes containing diphosphine and sulfonated phosphine ligands for C–C bond forming reactions. Catalytic and mechanistic studies," Thesis for Phd, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008.
[110] Catalysis. (2019, July 13). Retrieved July 13, 2021, from https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/164753
[111] P. Unnikrishnan and D. Srinivas, "Heterogeneous catalysis," in: S. S. Joshi, V. Ranade (Eds.), Industrial Catalytic Processes for Fine and Specialty Chemicals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 41–111, 2016.
[112] A. Jokilammi, M. Korja, E. Jakobsson, and J. Finne, "Generation of lectins from enzymes: Use of inactive endosialidase for polysialic acid detection," in: C. L. Nilsson (Ed.), Lectins, Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 385–395, 2007.