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研究生： 郭其綱
Kuo, Chyi-Gang
論文名稱： 移動式擴增實境室內定位系統之研究
An Indoor Mobile Augmented Reality Positioning System
指導教授： 鄭泰昇
Jeng, Tay-Sheng
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系
Department of Architecture
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 240
中文關鍵詞： 擴增實境 、室內定位 、移動式追蹤定位 、適地性服務
外文關鍵詞： augmented reality, indoor positioning, mobile position tracking, location based service
相關次數： 點閱：129  下載：15 
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    • 隨著個人行動科技提升，擴增實境 (augmented reality) 結合適地性服務 (location based services) 的理念已可實現。然而鑒於普及應用之GPS定位技術精確度不足、定位訊號無法及於室內，本研究聚焦於移動式室內擴增實境定位系統開發，並以達到環境適應力強、組裝維護容易為目標，致力實現可追蹤使用者6 DOF (degree of freedom)視點座標與視角變化的室內三維定位服務。

    本研究透過理論案例與實務需求分析，及真實場所之適地性服務評估，以｢紅外線隱形圖標辨識定位技術｣，採用最高自由度之頭部優先定位模式，開發出｢頭部圖標定位擴增實境系統｣(Head Marker Tracking Augmented Reality, HMTAR)，實現可架設於室內外、具有陣列式大範圍定位能力、事件記憶機制、情境分享機制之擴增實境系統。經過Heuristic Evaluation評估、NASA-TLX評估、SUS評估、VIA視覺環境衝擊等評估，皆獲得良好之評估結果，期望為未來擴增實境室內定位適地性服務提供一種可能的選擇項目。

    With the advancement of personal mobile technology, the application of combining augmented reality (AR) technique with location based services (LBS) has come true. However, in view of the fact that GPS signal lacks of accuracy and can not reach the interior of the construction, this research focuses on the development of indoor mobile augmented reality position tracking system. Taking high environmental adaptability, and high system maintainability as goals, we devoted to realize precise line of sight tracking technique for indoor AR position tracking service.

    Based on the practical and theory case analysis, we apply infrared invisible marker recognition techniques and head-first tracking skill to the developed system, Head Marker Tracking Augmented Reality (HMTAR). The system can be extendedly applied indoor or outdoor and has AR image recording, sharing, retrieving, and virtual path guiding abilities, which all are tested through practical assessments with good results. Through this paper, we wish to provide another feasible option for future indoor AR location based services.

    摘要 ……………………………………………………………………… I Abstract……………………………………………………………………… II 誌謝 ……………………………………………………………………… III 章目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… IV 總目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… V 表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… X 圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… XI 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究動機與背景環境分析 1 1-2 用語定義 2 1-3 研究目標與範圍界定 3 1-4 研究方法與流程 4 第二章 建築室內環境AR需求探討 8 2-1 AR技術應用於建築室內環境之發展 8 2-1-1 設計階段 8 2-1-2 施工階段 9 2-1-3 使用階段 9 2-1-4 末期至結束階段 10 2-2 對象界定--適地性服務類型分析 11 2-1-1 移動性與精確度 11 2-1-2 類型篩選 12 2-3 需求界定--價值敏感設計法VSD運用 13 2-2-1 概念探查--實務需求分析 15 2-2-2 經驗探查--實務需求聚焦訪談 20 2-4 系統操作情境發想 24 Scenerio1. 隨選時空情境古蹟導覽 24 Scenerio2. 空間事件軌跡追尋 24 Scenerio3. 遠距同步偕同創作 25 2-5 小結 26 第三章 移動式AR定位技術分析 27 3-1 擴增實境定位原理與技術架構 29 3-1-1 追蹤定位原理 31 3-1-2 發展制約與潛力分析 37 3-1-3 技術層級分析 40 3-2 定位序列與定位實現自由度 46 3-2-1 基於資訊定點 46 3-2-2 基於空間定形 47 3-2-3 基於視線定向 48 3-2-4 定位實現自由度 51 3-3 操作變因 53 3-3-1 生理與心理負荷 54 3-3-2 影像穩定度 54 3-3-3 環境干涉 56 3-4 AR場域資訊價值 57 3-4-1 事件記憶機制 59 3-4-2 情境分享機制 60 3-4-3 族群認同機制 61 3-5 小結 62 第四章 系統設計 64 4-1 系統架構 64 4-1-1 室內外地形通用硬體架構 64 4-1-2 相容多媒體語言程式架構 66 4-1-3 擴充架構 68 4-2 定位機制設計 69 4-2-1 視線攝影機與HMD 69 4-2-2 五面向隱形圖碼 70 4-2-3 紅外線追蹤用攝影機陣列 71 4-3 3D資訊載入與解除設計 72 4-3-1 Followme載入方式 72 4-3-2 Target立方體載入方式 73 4-3-3 Free解除牽引與3D資訊列表 74 4-3-4 6DOF定位參數控制 74 4-3-5 資訊解除方式 74 4-4 資訊穩定度控制設計 75 4-4-1 初始校正Zoom值 75 4-4-2 紅外線亮度線性調控 75 4-4-3 Smooth位移平滑度設計 76 4-4-4 Bound位移區間閥設計 77 4-4-5 最佳預設值儲存與載入機制 77 4-5 記憶與分享機制設計 78 4-5-1 AR畫面與行走路徑座標記錄 78 4-5-2 AR畫面重播與行走路徑提示模式 79 4-5-3 遠距影像與代理者控制權分享機制 80 4-6 小結 81 第五章 系統建構實做 81 5-1 紅外線追蹤用攝影機架設 81 5-1-1 定點式陣列 81 5-1-2 移動式陣列 83 5-1-3 座標接續定位設定 84 5-2 行動配備整合製作 86 5-2-1 自發紅外光源定位用黑禮帽 86 5-2-2 功能性載具背包 90 5-3 遙控履帶車製作 93 5-3-1 IP攝影機組裝 93 5-3-2 定位用立方體 95 5-3-3 電力規格與車具性能 95 5-4 小結 97 第六章 介面可用性評估 98 6-1 HMTAR定位精確度評估 98 6-1-1 定位精確度 98 6-1-2 彈性校正機制 100 6-2 HMTAR可用性設計 102 6-2-1 理解度設計 102 6-2-2 操作自由度設計 104 6-2-3 容錯度設計 104 6-3 工研院人機互動科技中心與業界工程師啟發式評估 105 6-3-1 評估人員 106 6-3-2 評估地點 108 6-3-3 評估內容 108 6-4 小結 110 第七章 系統實際應用評估 111 7-1 台中市政府環保局 ｢寶之林傢俱回收再生暨環保教育中心｣ 111 7-1-1 背景說明 111 7-1-2 ｢營運者｣提供｢POI服務｣現地評估 112 7-1-3 評估意見 113 7-2 冠軍建材集團 ｢綠概念館｣ 114 7-2-1 背景說明 114 7-2-2 ｢出資者及營運者｣提供｢推播式廣告服務｣現地評估 115 7-2-3 評估意見 116 7-3 國定二級古蹟｢霧峰林家花園｣ 117 7-3-1 背景說明 117 7-3-2 ｢營運者｣ 提供｢導覽旅遊服務｣現地評估 117 7-3-3 評估意見 118 7-4 朝陽科技大學設計學院作品展示區 120 7-4-1 背景說明 120 7-4-2 ｢參觀者｣ 體驗｢POI服務｣現地評估 121 7-4-3 NASA-TLX美國航太總署工作負荷量評量 121 7-4-4 SUS系統使用性尺度評量與信效度分析 124 7-4-5 VIA視覺環境衝擊評估 127 7-5 小結 129 第八章 結論與後續研究 130 8-1 結論 130 8-2 後續研究 132 8-2-1 HMTAR系統改善對策 132 8-2-2 ｢視線定位互動介面｣ 發展契機與願景 133 參考文獻 137 中文文獻 137 英文文獻 139 相關程式下載網址 152 附 錄 153 附錄A HMTAR系統操作實況影片之擷取影像 153 A-1外部拍攝：HMTAR全套設備外觀與Server主機螢幕畫面 153 A-2外部拍攝：環繞觀看3D物件細部節構 157 A-3內建錄影：載入、刪除、與微調3D物件位置 162 A-4內建錄影：局部環繞、穿透觀看3D物件 166 A-5內建錄影：移動式陣列之環繞、穿透、270度內視3D物件 169 A-6內建錄影：定點式陣列之穿透、270度內視3D物件 174 A-7內建錄影：操作者之手與3D模型互動 179 A-8內建錄影：兩3D物件同時顯現、雙攝影機接力定位 181 A-9外部拍攝：操控遙控履帶車之3D物件定位畫面 187 附錄B A Survey of Indoor Positioning Systems for Wireless Personal Networksu研究歸納原始表 (支援2-1-3節) 190 附錄C 擴增實境定位技術案例規格及優劣勢分析 (支援2-1-3節) 192 附錄D NASA-TLX工作負荷原始評量表及中文評量表 (支援7-4-3節) 195 附錄E SUS系統使用性尺度評量評量表 (支援7-4-4節) 197 附錄F 擴增實境開放程式軟體 198 附錄G HMTAR程式安裝程序 200 附錄H HMTAR主要程式碼 202 附錄I HMTAR專利申請書 231

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