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研究生： 張軼倫
Chang, Yi-Lun
論文名稱： 以氧化銅為傳輸層之多層噴霧式鈣鈦礦太陽能電池之研究
Investigation of Spray-cast Multilayer Perovskite Solar Cell Utilizing CuO Transport Layer
指導教授： 許渭州
Hsu, Wei-Chou
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 微電子工程研究所
Institute of Microelectronics
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 、噴霧沉積法 、氧化銅
外文關鍵詞： Perovskite solar cell, Spray deposition, Cupric oxide
相關次數： 點閱：100  下載：8 
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    • 在近幾年的研究中，鈣鈦礦太陽能電池在效率表現上展現飛躍性的成長，而被視為一個極具潛力的光伏材料。然而，其一直難以進入大規模生產，主要原因有兩點。首先，由於鈣鈦礦材料本身對環境中水氧的低抵抗力，元件在可靠度上有很大的改善空間，且鈣鈦礦主動層通常需要在充滿氮氣的手套箱中製作，也增加製作上的不便。第二，在鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的研究中，多數採用旋轉塗佈製程，此製程雖能簡易地製備出品質良好的薄膜，但其過程會浪費許多材料，無形中增加了製造成本。為了使鈣鈦礦太陽能電池在未來能邁向大規模的工業化製造，本論文改善了上述的兩點。PEDOT:PSS 是普遍被使用作為鈣鈦礦太陽能電池中電洞傳輸層的材料，但因其材料本身的酸性和吸水性，容易加速鈣鈦礦主動層的降解反應，進而大幅降低元件的可靠度。因此，在本論文的第一部分，我們以噴霧沉積氧化銅來取代 PEDOT:PSS，改善了元件的可靠度。在第二部分，我們使用一種快速製備鈣鈦礦層的噴霧沉積法，使其可在週遭環境下製作，且不需要任何的後退火製程。最後，我們結合第一部份的氧化銅電洞傳輸層，實作出在整個製備過程中，無使用手套箱、無旋轉塗佈的多層噴霧式鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。

    In the research of recent years, perovskite solar cells have exhibited an extraordinary advance in power conversion efficiency, being regarded as an extremely promising photovoltaic material. However, there are two main reasons it cannot be applied to large scale manufacture. First, since perovskite materials are instable against moisture and oxygen in ambient condition, there is much room for improvement of device stability. Moreover, the perovskite active layer usually needs to be deposited in N2-filled glove box, also increasing the inconvenience of fabrication. Second, in the research of perovskite solar cells, the spin coating method is the mostly applied. Though it is capable of depositing thin films with good quality simply, it will waste a lot of materials in the process and unconsciously increase the manufacturing costs. In order to make perovskite solar cells development toward large-scale industrial manufacture in the future, we improved the two points mentioned above in the thesis. PEDOT:PSS is a commonly used material as hole transporting layer in perovskite solar cells, even though, the acidy and hygroscopicity of the material tend to accelerate the degradation of perovskite active layer, further reducing the device stability significantly. As a result, in the first part of this thesis, we replaced PEDOT:PSS with spray-casted CuO and increased the stability of devices. In the second part, we utilized a fast preparation of perovskite active layer by spray deposition, making it capable of fabricating under ambient condition, and it didn’t need any post-annealing method. Finally, we combined the CuO hole transporting layer in the first part, demonstrating the glove-box-free spin-coating-free spray cast multilayer perovskite solar cells.

    摘要 ....................................... i Abstract ................................... ii 誌謝 ....................................... iv Content .................................... vi Table Captions ............................. ix Figure Captions ............................ x Chapter 1 Introduction ..................... 1 1-1 Background ............................. 1 1-2 Perovskite ............................. 3 1-3 Motivation ............................. 5 1-3.1 Spray-coating ........................ 5 1-3.2 Cupric Oxide ......................... 6 1-4 Organization of This Thesis ............ 7 Chapter 2 Operation Principle .............. 8 2-1 Solar Spectrum ......................... 8 2-2 Mechanism of Perovskite solar cell ..... 10 2-3 Analysis of Photovoltaic Cell Characteristics ... 12 2-3.1 Short-Circuit Current (Isc) .......... 12 2-3.2 Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) ........... 13 2-3.3 Fill Factor (FF) ..................... 13 2-3.4 Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) .... 14 Chapter 3 Experiment ........................16 3-1 Device Structure ....................... 16 3-2 Materials of Photovoltaic Cell ......... 17 3-3 Process of Device Fabrication .......... 19 3-3.1 FTO Substrate Preparation ............ 19 3-3.2 UV Ozone Treatment of FTO Surface .....19 3-3.3 Fabrication of Hole Transport Layer .. 19 3-3.4 Fabrication of Active Layer .......... 20 3-3.5 Fabrication of Electron Transport Layer ... 21 3-3.6 Fabrication of Buffer Layer and Cathode ... 21 3-4 Measurements ............................22 3-4.1 X-ray Diffraction .....................22 3-4.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ..... 23 3-4.3 Scanning Electron Microscope.......... 23 3-4.4 Photoluminescence .................... 24 3-4.5 Atomic Force Microscope .............. 24 3-4.6 UV-vis Absorption Spectrum ........... 25 3-4.7 Current-Voltage Measurement System ... 25 Chapter 4 Results and Discussions .......... 26 4-1 Analysis of Spray-cast CuO thin film ... 26 4-1.1 X-ray Diffraction .................... 26 4-1.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ..... 27 4-1.3 Scanning Electron Microscope.......... 27 4-1.4 Atomic Force Microscope ...............28 4-2 Comparison of CuO and PEDOT:PSS as HTL.. 29 4-2.1 Scanning Electron Microscope.......... 29 4-2.2 Absorption Spectrum .................. 29 4-2.3 Photoluminescence .................... 30 4-2.4 J-V Characteristics................... 30 4-2.5 Stability ............................ 32 4-3 Spray-cast Multilayer Perovskite Solar Cell ...34 4-3.1 Spray-cast MAPbI3 Layer .............. 34 4-3.2 X-ray Diffraction .................... 35 4-3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope.......... 35 4-3.4 J-V Characteristics .................. 37 4-3.5 Increased-Area Device ................ 38 Chapter 5 Conclusion ....................... 40 References ..................................41 Figures .....................................47

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