面對國際局勢的日益複雜，各國為了維護國防實力與經濟穩定，逐漸推動國防工業的民營化，期望藉此提升軍事技術的創新效率及資源配置的彈性。本研究針對國防工業民營化對國家安全與經濟發展的雙重影響進行深入探討，以美國和台灣作為主要研究案例，分析其不同政策實踐及成效。針對台灣這一地緣政治敏感地區，國防工業民營化被視為有效減輕財政負擔並推動國內軍事技術成長的手段，但同時也帶來了國防資源控制權分散化與機密洩露等國家安全隱憂。本研究採用德爾菲法，循環式地收集並分析多位國防及經濟專家對民營化策略的見解，運用質性與量化數據分析方法，統整專家們對民營化模式的共識和分歧點。研究結果顯示，美國成功經驗證明民營化能有效促進技術創新並增加經濟效益，但對台灣而言，國防工業民營化需謹慎應對潛在的安全風險。本研究最終提供政策建議，期望台灣能在經濟與安全之間取得平衡，促進國防工業的持續發展，並維持國家安全。

In response to increasingly complex international dynamics, countries worldwide are promoting defense industry privatization to enhance military innovation and achieve flexible resource allocation. This study investigates the dual impact of defense privatization on national security and economic development, with the United States and Taiwan as primary cases to analyze different policy practices and outcomes. For Taiwan, located in a geopolitically sensitive area, privatizing the defense sector is viewed as a method to reduce fiscal burdens while fostering domestic military technology growth. However, it also introduces security concerns, such as the decentralization of control over defense resources and the risk of leakage of sensitive information. This research employs the Delphi method to iteratively gather and analyze insights from multiple defense and economic experts. By applying both qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the study identifies consensus and divergences regarding privatization strategies. Findings show that while the United States has effectively leveraged privatization to drive technological innovation and economic growth, Taiwan must cautiously address potential security risks inherent in such a transition. This study ultimately offers policy recommendations aimed at achieving a balance between economic development and security for Taiwan, facilitating sustainable growth within its defense industry.

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