在這項研究中，我們利用生物質藻酸鹽材料作為原料與多種價數陽離子（H+、Ba2+、Fe3+和 Ce4+）合成結構多樣的藻酸鹽氣凝膠（AA）材料。雙酚A（BPA）是一種持久性內分泌干擾化合物（EDC）用來作為目標有機污染物。在合成的AA材料上對於BPA的光反應性和吸附性質方面進行了檢測。我們發現鋇AA（BAA）在整體上表現出最優秀的光反應性能。例如，它在中性pH下太陽光輻射1小時後去除75-80％的BPA（5mg / L），同時保持其物理完整性。 BAA材料可以重複使用三次而不會明顯失去其光反應性。 BPA光反應遵循一階反應動力學並且與Langmuir-Hinshelwood動力學方程一致，可解讀為表面反應。反應中所產生的氫氧自由基在去除BPA上扮演重要的角色；而光反應下需要草酸鹽，做為可能的電子供給者：另外發現在較低的草酸鹽濃度（<5mM）下攪拌會加速光反應的效率，這意味著草酸鹽和AA的接觸是重要的。光反應也依賴pH值，BPA在中性和酸性條件下有更好的去除效果。而添加天然有機物（NOM）對BPA光反應的影響可忽略不計。我們也初步推測了幾種中間產物，隨著長時間的照射而降低其濃度。
鈰AA（CAA）表現出良好的BPA吸附性，例如pH在3和7的暗反應下，25分鐘內幾乎完全除去5mg / L的BPA；BPA吸附的等溫線符合典型的Langmuir和Freundlich方程式。總而言之，我們的研究結果表明，AA材料的結構、光反應性和吸附特性取決於合成的條件，特別是所用的陽離子。

In this study, we utilized a bio-based alginate material as the feedstock to synthesize structurally diverse alginate aerogel (AA) materials, whose formation was dependent on the presence of multivalent cations (H+, Ba2+, Fe3+, and Ce4+). The synthesized AA materials were examined in terms of their photoreactivity and sorption properties in the removal of bisphenol A (BPA), a persistent endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) used as a model organic pollutant, from the aqueous environment. We found that barium AA (BAA) exhibited the greatest photoreaction performance overall. For example, it removed 75-80% of BPA (5 mg/L) in 1 h of solar irradiation at neutral pH, while maintaining its physical integrity. The BAA material could be reused for three time without significantly losing its photoreactivity. The BPA photoreaction follows 1st-order kinetics and agrees with Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic equation, suggesting a surface reaction. Hydroxyl radical was produced and played a major role in the removal of BPA. Oxalate was required in this process, potentially acting as an electron donor. Stirring was found to enhance photoreaction at lower oxalate concentrations (< 5mM) used, suggesting that the contact of oxalate and AA is important. The photoreaction was pH dependent with neutral and acidic conditions showing greater BPA removal. The addition of natural organic matter (NOM) has a negligible effect on BPA photoreaction. Several intermediate products were tentatively suggested, and their concentrations generally decreased over long-term irradiation.
Cerium AA (CAA) exhibited good sorption of BPA. For example, 5 mg/L of BPA was nearly completely removed in 25 min in the dark at pH = 3 and 7. The isotherm for BPA sorption fits with classic Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Overall, our findings indicate that the structures, photoreactivity, and sorption characteristics of AA materials depend on the synthesis conditions particularly the cations used.

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