近年來，在淨零排放與能源轉型政策驅使下，許多微電網中已經整合了多樣的分散式電力資源，如太陽能發電系統、儲能系統等，已成為推動低碳營運的重要手段。然而，如何在考量碳費、再生能源採購、營運成本與系統設備限制下，同時滿足用電需求與碳排放目標，仍是一項具挑戰性的問題。為此，本研究提出一套結合綠電採購策略與分散式資源調度的最佳化微電網電能管理系統架構。
本架構以再生能源採購比例作為決策變數，其中包含太陽能與風力發電廠做為來源，透過分析不同採購組合，最小化總成本，並同時滿足年度再生能源使用占比目標。分散式資源最佳化調度則考量微電網中之負載、儲能電池、自有再生能源與固體氧化物燃料電池，運用混合整數線性規劃進行每日排程，平衡系統供需與多元資源運轉條件。此外，為探討創新制度對系統表現之潛在影響，本研究亦模擬點對點(Peer-to-Peer, P2P)電力共享機制，分析其對營運成本與碳排放之影響。
本研究以實際歷史負載與太陽能發電資料進行四種案例情境模擬，探討不同情境下微電網之效益。模擬結果顯示，所提雙層架構可有效決策綠電採購配比與分散式資源排程，特別是在P2P機制下可進一步強化能源利用效率與降低碳排放表現，不僅可滿足低碳排放目標，更具備降低營運成本之潛力。

In recent years, driven by net-zero emissions and energy transition policies, many microgrids have integrated various distributed energy resources (DERs), such as solar power systems and energy storage systems, becoming a key approach to promoting low-carbon operations. However, balancing electricity demand and carbon emission goals while considering carbon pricing, renewable energy procurement, operating costs, and system constraints remains a challenging issue. To address this, this study proposes an optimized microgrid energy management system architecture that integrates green power procurement strategies with distributed resource scheduling.
The proposed architecture uses the proportion of renewable energy procurement—comprising solar and wind power plants—as decision variables. By analyzing different procurement combinations, the goal is to minimize total costs while meeting annual renewable energy usage targets. The optimal scheduling of distributed resources considers microgrid loads, energy storage batteries, in-house renewable energy sources, and solid oxide fuel cells. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is employed for daily scheduling to balance supply and demand as well as the operational constraints of diverse resources. Moreover, to explore the potential impacts of innovative mechanisms on system performance, this study simulates a peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity sharing model and analyzes its effects on operating costs and carbon emissions.
Using real historical load and solar generation data, four scenario simulations are conducted to evaluate the microgrid’s performance under different conditions. The results show that the proposed two-layer architecture effectively determines green energy procurement ratios and schedules distributed resources. In particular, under the P2P mechanism, energy efficiency can be further improved and carbon emissions reduced. This not only helps meet low-carbon emission targets but also has the potential to lower operating costs.

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