簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 游凱名
Yu, Kai-Ming
論文名稱: 利用互補碼方式之多層展頻浮水印演算法
Multi-layer Spread Spectrum Watermarking by Complementary Codes
指導教授: 邱瀝毅
Chiou, Lih-Yih
共同指導教授: 雷曉方
Lei, Sheau-Fang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 103
中文關鍵詞: 展頻浮水印互補碼多層
外文關鍵詞: Spread Spectrum Watermarking, Complementary Codes, Multi-layer
相關次數: 點閱:42下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 浮水印演算法在近期的研究中蔚為流行,原因是因為網路與科技的發展,資訊傳播的速度提升,導致惡意散波與盜版的猖獗,而個人智慧財產也因此遭受挑戰,故發展出浮水印的演算法以用於保護個人智慧財產,而本論文研究也針對此方面提出一個更安全並且運算複雜度更低的演算法。
    本論文探討之演算法為展頻浮水印演算法,展頻浮水印的發展先是著重於浮水印的解出正確率並且提出改善,而後則是面臨容量上的問題,在2015年與2018年時,學者Yong Xiang等人提出了分別兩種不同之高容量嵌入演算法,但後者的演算法中存在了安全性上的問題,於是同年另一名學者徐詠翔提出了使用互補碼法,做為浮水印嵌入的基礎,並且也有效的提升了安全性及維持原有的解出率。本論文研究提出在解出率不變的情形下,藉由互補碼的排列產生序列,並且分層將浮水印資訊嵌入各層序列當中,達到多層浮水印的效果,提供多重使用者共同擁有同一智慧財產之音檔,本論文演算法不僅提供多重使用者使用,也降低了演算法複雜度、提升偽隨機序列產生速度以及浮水印萃取正確率。
    本研究演算法,經由實驗並且使用常見的數位信號處理進行攻擊,最後以相同感知音訊品質評估為基準與其他演算法做比較,最後以位元錯誤率(Bit Error Ratio)進行實驗的分析,實驗之結果顯示出本論文之演算法擁有較好的位元錯誤率。對於演算法偽隨機序列產生複雜度及比例因數選擇,也實驗了不同演算法的產生時間,實驗結果證明本研究提出之演算法降低了偽隨機序列組數以及產生序列的運算複雜度,同時保有較低的比例因數計算時間。

    Many spread spectrum (SS) based audio watermarking schemes to protect copyright have been proposed but they all have the host signal interference problem and capacity problem. The major drawback of SS-based audio watermarking methods is the low embedding capacity. In the past, a number of spread spectrum (SS) based audio watermarking methods have been proposed to deal with the host signal interference problem. In recent years, Yong-Xiang and Iynkaran Natgunanathan proposed a novel SS-besed audio watermarking method using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method to generats orthogonal pseudonoise (PN)sequences. This method can embed lager number of watermark bit but it has security problem. However, since this method has security problem, Yong-Siang Syu then proposed new method which use complementart codes to be the PN sequences that pocess lower computational cost and high security but it maintains high embedding capacity. In this thesis, we proposed a spread spectrum audio watermarking scheme using the same complementary codes to be the PN sequences but it can embed multi-layer watermark which available to multiple users. By adjusting scaling factor, which not only process lower bit error ratio than Yong-Siang’s method but also maintains security and capacity. The performance of the proposed SS-based audio watermarking method is demonstrated by simulation results

    中文摘要 I EXTENDED ABSTRACT II 誌謝 XIII 目錄 XIV 表目錄 XVI 圖目錄 XVII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1. 研究背景 1 1.2. 浮水印簡介 1 1.2.1. 最低有效位元調整 2 1.2.2. 相位編碼 3 1.2.3. 展頻法 4 1.2.4. 回聲編碼 4 1.3. 研究動機 5 1.4. 論文章節組織 6 第二章 相關文獻回顧與分析 7 2.1. 浮水印文獻回顧與相關介紹 7 2.2. 訊號干擾問題 10 2.2.1. 傳統型浮水印嵌入法 10 2.2.2. 加成型展頻浮水印嵌入法 12 2.2.3. 交互型展頻浮水印法 13 2.2.4. 加成交互型浮水印嵌入法 15 2.3. 容量問題 17 2.3.1. 循環碼法 18 2.3.2. Gram-Schmidt 正交法 23 2.3.3. 互補碼法 29 第三章 37 3.1. 浮水印架構及嵌入流程. 37 3.2. 互補碼 38 3.2.1. Hadmard矩陣 38 3.2.2. 超級互補碼產生的例子 39 3.2.3. 超級互補碼的正交證明 40 3.3. 浮水印嵌入流程 48 3.3.1. 離散餘弦轉換與嵌入頻段選擇 48 3.3.2. 浮水印訊號與偽隨機碼序列之排列 49 3.3.3. 比例因數的選擇 54 3.3.4. 最終演算法比較之調整 55 3.4. 浮水印萃取流程 56 3.4.1. 離散餘弦轉換與萃取頻段選擇 56 3.4.2. 浮水印萃取演算法 57 第四章 多層互補碼演算法結果分析及比較 60 4.1. 感知音訊品質評估 60 4.2. 浮水印強健性測試 61 4.2.1. 強健性測試環境 61 4.2.2. 實驗結果比較與討論 71 4.3. 演算法時間與演算法時間複雜度討論 98 第五章 結論與未來展望 101 參考文獻 102

    [1] S.P. Mohanty, Digital watermarking: a tutorial review. Technical Report, University of South Florida (1999) [Online], http://www.cs.unt .edu/smoh-anty/research/Reports/Mohanty/WatermarkingSurvey1999.pdf
    [2] L. Boney, A. H. Tewfik and K. N. Hamdy, "Digital watermarks for audio signals,"Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Hiroshima, Japan, pp. 473-480, 1996.
    [3] D. Lam,” Audio watermarking”. COMPSYS401A Project, The University of Auckland,2003
    [4] P. Bassia, I. Pitas and N. Nikolaidis, "Robust audio watermarking in the time domain," in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 232-241, Jun 2001.
    [5] W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, A. Lu, Techniques for data hiding. IBM Systems Journal. vol. 35, nos 3&4, pp. 313-336, 1996.
    [6] Ye Wang, "A new watermarking method of digital audio content for copyright protection,"Signal Processing Proceedings, 1998. ICSP '98. 1998 Fourth International Conference on, Beijing, China, vol. 2, pp. 1420-1423, 1998.
    [7] P. Bassia, I. Pitas and N. Nikolaidis, "Robust audio watermarking in the time domain," in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 232-241, Jun 2001.
    [8] Ye Wang, "A new watermarking method of digital audio content for copyright protection,"Signal Processing Proceedings, 1998. ICSP '98. 1998 Fourth International Conference on, Beijing, China, vol. 2, pp. 1420-1423, 1998.
    [9] Hyen O Oh, Jong Won Seok, Jin Woo Hong and Dae Hee Youn, "New echo embedding technique for robust and imperceptible audio watermarking," 2001 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37221), Salt Lake City, UT, vol.3, pp. 1341-1344, 2001.
    [10] P. Zhang, S. Xu and H. Yang, "Robust and transparent audio watermarking based on improved spread spectrum and psychoacoustic masking," 2012 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology, Hubei, pp. 640-643, 2012.
    [11] H. S. Malvar and D. A. F. Florencio, "Improved spread spectrum: a new modulation technique for robust watermarking," in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 898-905, Apr 2003.
    [12] Y. Chen, G. Gao, Y. Liu and B. Lv, "A cross spread spectrum audio watermarking robust to acoustic transmission," 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Dalian, pp. 5025-5030, 2017.
    [13] Y. Xiang, I. Natgunanathan, Y. Rong and S. Guo, "Spread Spectrum-Based High Embedding Capacity Watermarking Method for Audio Signals," in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 2228-2237, Dec. 2015.
    [14] Y. Xiang, I. Natgunanathan, D. Peng, G. Hua and B. Liu, "Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Using Multiple Orthogonal PN Sequences and Variable Embedding Strengths and Polarities," in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 529-539, March 2018.
    [15] 徐詠翔, “利用互補碼方式之展頻音訊浮水印演算法,” 台灣, 國立成功大學電機工程學系研究所, 2018.
    [16] G. Strang, "Introduction to linear algebra," fifth Edition, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 2016.
    [17] M. Golay, "Complementary series," in IRE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 82-87, April 1961.
    [18] R. Turyn, "Ambiguity functions of complementary sequences (Corresp.)," in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 46-47, Jan 1963.
    [19] N. Suehiro and M. Hatori, "N-shift cross-orthogonal sequences," in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 143-146, Jan 1988.
    [20] 林金賢, “互補碼分碼多工系統之研究,” 台灣, 國立中山大學電機工程學系研究所, 2003.
    [21] J. Hadamard, "Résolution d'une question relative aux déterminants," Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques, vol. 17, pp. 240–246, 1893.
    [22] J.J. Sylvester. Thoughts on inverse orthogonal matrices, simultaneous sign successions, and tessellated pavements in two or more colours, with applications to Newton's rule, ornamental tile-work, and the theory of numbers. Philosophical Magazine, 34. pp.461–475, 1867
    [23] Kojima T, Oizumi A, Okayasu K, Parampalli U. An audio data hiding based on complete complementary codes and its application to an evacuation guiding system. Signal Design and Its Applications in Communications, The Sixth International Workshop. pp.118-121. 2013.
    [24] Rec.B. S. 1387: Method for objective measurements of perceived audio quality, Rec.B. S. 1387, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.

    無法下載圖示 校內:2024-07-09公開
    校外:不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE