研究背景與目的：注意力缺失及過動疾患孩童(Attention deficit hyperactiviy disorder; ADHD)在臨床表現上有一項特性為活動量過高，並且經常伴隨感覺調節障礙(Sensory modulation disorder; SMD)的出現。然而少有文獻探討ADHD孩童客觀的生理活動量及是否其與感覺調節能力之間有相關性。因此本研究的目的有三：(1)調查ADHD孩童與一般孩童在感覺調節能力上的差異；(2)調查ADHD孩童和一般孩童在客觀量值上日常生活活動量的差異；(3)分別探討兩組孩童和所有孩童的日常生活活動量和感覺調節能力的相關性。
研究方法：本研究在台南方便取樣ADHD以及一般發展孩童各28人，請家長填寫中文化感覺史量表(SP)、中文化感覺訊息評估表(ESP)以獲得孩童日常生活行為表現的感覺訊息處理能力，並測量兩組孩童接受感覺挑戰計畫(SCP)時，對五種感覺刺激(視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、觸覺和前庭覺)的皮電位反應(EDR)量值以得知孩童感覺調節能力上生理量值的表現，並會讓兩組孩童配戴ActiGraph GT1M一週以測量日常生活中活動量的生理量值。之後分別比較兩組孩童感覺調節能力表現和日常生活活動量的差異，並進一步分析活動量值和感覺調節能力間的相關性。
結果：(1) 兩組孩童的SP以及ESP得分比較，ADHD孩童明顯低於正常孩童，並且使用SCP所測得的EDR量值結果顯示ADHD孩童EDR量值顯著高於正常孩童。(2) ADHD孩童日常生活活動量顯著的高於正常孩童，而在周間、周末以及整周早上八點至晚上十點的時間，ADHD孩童在某些時刻顯著高於正常孩童(ADHD孩童周間有28.57%、周末有42.86%、整周有35.71%的時間顯著高於正常孩童)。(3) ADHD孩童的日常生活活動量(MET/總分鐘數) 和SP原始問題中的身體姿勢、動作、觸覺、情緒社交以及總分呈現顯著負相關，顯示ADHD孩童姿勢控制愈差、前庭覺發展愈差、觸覺發展愈差以及情緒控制愈差時活動量愈高；和SP問題型態中的情緒反應、感覺登錄不良以及分心呈顯著負相關，顯示ADHD孩童愈有情緒反應行為、感覺登錄不良以及分心的情形出現時活動量愈高；和ESP中的本體覺問題得分呈現顯著負相關，顯示ADHD孩童愈尋求本體覺刺激、動作調節愈差以及姿勢控制愈差時活動量愈高；和EDR量值並無顯著相關。另外正常孩童的日常生活活動量(MET/總分鐘數)和SP原始問題中的觸覺以及情緒社交呈現顯著正相關，顯示正常孩童觸覺發展愈好以及情緒控制較好時活動量愈高；和SP問題型態中的情緒反應呈現顯著正相關，顯示正常孩童愈能控制情緒時活動量愈高；和ESP中觸覺系統得分以及總分呈現顯著正相關，表示正常孩童觸覺系統發展愈好以及整體感覺調節能力發展愈好時活動量愈高。
結論：(1) ADHD孩童感覺調節能力確實比正常孩童要差，不論是從生理量值的量測或是從行為方面的觀察。(2) ADHD孩童的日常生活活動量較正常孩童來得高，而且不論是在周間或是周末都有比正常孩童高的活動量，然而ADHD孩童並非總是有顯著高於正常孩童的活動量。(3) ADHD孩童的尋求多種感覺刺激的行為可能是造成其活動量異常的原因之一，而正常孩童若感覺調節能力發展愈好對其進行動態活動可能有愈多幫助。而本研究也發現正常孩童和ADHD孩童其活動量皆和感覺調節能力有相關，但ADHD孩童可能是尋求感覺刺激等不正常的行為所造成的高活動量；而正常孩童則可能是因為有較成熟的感覺調節能力支持其進行動態活動量而造成高活動量。

Background and purpose: Children with Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have one performance in the clinic which is having high level of physical activity. Besides the performance, the children with ADHD usually have the problem of sensory modulation disorder (SMD). However, there is few articles discuss about the objective physical activity and whether there is any correlation between with sensory modulation ability in children with ADHD. Hence, there are three purposes in this study: (1) Investigate the difference in sensory modulation ability between the children with ADHD and the normal development children. (2) Investigate the difference in physical activity of daily life between the children with ADHD and the normal development children. (3) Discuss about the relationship between physical activity of daily life and sensory modulation ability in each group and the total children.
Methods: This study recruited 56 children (ADHD group 28; normal group 28) to participate in. All the parents finished the sensory profile (SP) and evaluation of sensory processing questionnaire (ESP) to know about the behavior of sensory modulation ability in daily life, and all the children were measured by the sensory challenge protocol (SCP) to know about the electrodermal responses in five conditions, which are visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and vestibular. After the procedure of SCP, all the children wore ActiGraph GT1M a week to know their objective physical activity in daily life. This study compared the differences between the ADHD group and normal group in sensory modulation ability and physical activity, and further discussed about the relationship between sensory modulation ability and physical activity.
Results: (1) There were significant differences in the scores of SP and ESP. ADHD group had lower scores in SP and ESP and ADHD group was lower than the normal group, besides, there was significant difference between two groups in EDR. ADHD group had higher EDR than the normal group. (2) ADHD group was significant higher than normal group in physical activity, whether in the weekdays or weekend. (3) In ADHD group, there were significant negative correlations between physical activity (MET/ min) and SP scores (posture, motion, tactile, emotion, and total scores), which means when the children with ADHD have poorer posture control, poorer vestibular ability, poorer tactile development, and poorer emotion control, they would have higher physical activity. There were significant negative correlations between physical activity (MET/ min) and SP factors (emotionally reactive, poor registration, and inattention/distractibility), which means when children with ADHD have more emotionally behavior, poorer registration, and more distractibility, they would have higher physical activity. There were significant negative correlations between physical activity (MET/min) and ESP scores (proprioceptive), which means when the children with ADHD seeking for more proprioceptive input and have poorer posture control, they would have higher physical activity. However, there was no significant correlation between physical activity (MET/min) and EDR. In normal group, physical activity (MET/ min) is significant positive correlated with SP scores (tactile and emotion), which means when the normal children can control their emotion better and have normal development of tactile sensory, they have higher physical activity; physical activity (MET/ min) is significant positive correlated with SP factors (emotionally reactive), which means the better control in emotion, the higher physical activity in normal children; physical activity (MET/ min) is positive correlated with ESP scores (tactile and total scores), which means that the normal children have better tactile sensory development and better sensory modulation ability, they could have higher physical activity.
Discussion: (1) Whether in the behavior measurements or the physiology measurements, the children with ADHD really have worse sensory modulation ability. (2) The children with ADHD really have higher physical activity in daily life, whether in the weekdays or weekend. However, the children with ADHD are not always have higher activity than the normal children in the daily life. (3) The behavior of searching sensory stimuli may be one of the factors that cause the children with ADHD have abnormal physical activity. The better in the sensory modulation ability may be more helpful for the normal children to join in motor activities. We found that sensory modulation ability may affect the appearance of physical activity in both group, but the children with ADHD might be caused by the behavior of seeking stimuli, and the normal children might be caused by the better development of sensory modulation ability.

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