| 研究生: |
郭玠佑 Kuo, Chieh-Y |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
死亡地景的純正性分析─臺南市南山公墓殯葬專區規劃爭議之個案研究 An Analysis of the Authenticity of Deathscapes: A Case Study of the Planning Controversy over the Nanshan Cemetery Funeral Zone in Tainan City |
| 指導教授: |
黃偉茹
Huang, Wei-Ju |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系 Department of Urban Planning |
| 論文出版年: | 2025 |
| 畢業學年度: | 113 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 129 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 死亡地景 、純正性 、南山公墓 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Deathscape, Authenticity, Nanshan Cemetery |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:39 下載:15 |
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位於臺南市南區市郊與臺南機場北側,過去府城「南郊」的南山公墓,累積了自明清時期以來豐富的墓葬歷史。在2008年全區禁葬十年後,市府發布「南山公墓殯葬專區整體規劃許可申請暨環境影響評估案」公開招標,展開現代化、立體化與多功能殯葬專區之推動事業。民間保存社群的抗爭由此而起,以文化資產提報、大小倡議活動以作應對。最終,歷經五年審議程序,於2025年5月公布決議不登錄文化景觀。
即便本案乍看為提升殯葬處理量能,然而,一方面在過程中考量鄰避性、選擇集中,更以臺南都市之門戶意象擴大其正當性;另一方面,過去都市計畫變遷歷程的周邊土地使用變更、範圍界定、道路變更等,也對現在南山公墓空間有極大影響。因此,從綜合意義上來說,是面對潛在的文化空間時,空間規劃失能的議題。
規劃領域不論是在實務面或理論面,一方面對「墓葬的文化空間缺乏理解」,忽略傳統土葬係結合信仰系統、風水知識、人文倫理等一系列傳統文化,所形成實質並具備工藝技術的地景,呈現出傳統社會對世界的理解。另一方面究其根本,是規劃之於文化、遺產缺乏自身「跨尺度空間性」的理解與回應框架,無法有效彰顯規劃回應文化的積極與主動角色。本研究的主要目的,便在於協助規劃轉譯文化的觀點,藉由案例梳理,理解不同關係人對文化資產的概念,及其轉化在空間上的意涵,以回應上述缺口。
為了梳理文化空間的複雜層次,本研究的分析基礎─純正性(authenticity),同時為保存和規劃所追求,在指認重要且不可遺失元素的過程中,闡述了人、地與意義間動態且富含政治性的關係。另外,地景本身所蘊含的各種張力,提供梳理跨尺度空間性的過程中,使不同地景觀點、理解與純正性間能進行深入比較與分析。
本個案研究深度訪談議題相關人與單位、針對法規、會議記錄與計畫報告書進行文件分析,並參與觀察保存團體活動、該案文化資產審議會等場域。研究首先針對個案下死亡地景基於文化保存之純正性及地景空間指認進行梳理,透過遺產純正性的「物質」、「價值」、「體驗」面向分析保存論述層次之差異。接著,從地景之張力本質,層層由保存內部、殯葬管理及習俗、都市計畫擴大討論範疇,以及之間張力何以基於多方對文化、空間及自身業務體系,乃至彼此之關係理解差異而產生。
研究首部份成果顯示:對墓葬空間本身歷史文化價值的認定,除了明顯的跳脫純「物質」的純正而趨於「價值」為中心,隨著空間尺度與抽象化的提高,擴張到城市發展、族群認同的連結,純正性的空間要素也隨之擴大,從墓地本身而逐漸涵蓋整個城-墓區域,甚至到抽象的國族空間概念。隨著純正性建構的分析得以識別,該空間與文化的關係,已非單純的定著土地與固定範圍。
第二部分接續此特殊的空間性及純正觀點,發現該現象卻不必然能被各方理解。保存論述中,純正性因應社會現代化變遷,存在彼此間的論述路線選擇,個體因此弱化;殯葬管理則著重於效率與資源調度,連帶影響對文化與土地的認知;喪禮儀式的空間需求與變動性,更強化處理量能壓力,以習俗宣導、調派空間之治理手法回應。都市發展單位雖嘗試在法規與民意間協調,但自持中性的規劃技術觀與空間觀,對文化內涵理解有限,使保存價值難以被積極回應。
綜上所述,死亡地景的純正性分析,注意到以價值為根基的各項純正空間論述,無法以傳統、單一空間觀的分析方式釐清;此外,各方對於空間與文化的理解方式與價值認知差異,正是張力構成的來源。本研究在理論面的貢獻,以純正性為核心結合地景空間性之分析方法的嘗試,為規劃理解文化提供以價值為導向、跨尺度的分析框架。在實務面上,指出本個案中重要的文化意涵,及其在當前議題張力下的處境。
本文主張,應透過理解地景的方式,發揮規劃多方價值、跨尺度空間的優勢,作為建立文化規劃論述的基礎。除了意識文化在空間規劃理應扮演的角色,以及哪些重要、不可移除的純正價值及其空間外,更重要的是過程中觀點、價值的建構,以及對空間理解方式的動態性。種種差異透過純正性與地景的分析而深刻,得以藉此讓規劃者反思、重構自身價值後,方能依此進行評估選擇。
Nanshan Cemetery, located on the outskirts of Tainan’s South District near the north side of Tainan Airport, holds a rich burial history dating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties. After a ten-year burial ban starting in 2008, the city government launched a public tender for the “Nanshan Cemetery Funeral District Comprehensive Planning and Environmental Impact Assessment,” aiming to promote a modern, multi-functional funeral area. This sparked opposition from local preservation groups through cultural heritage nominations and various advocacy activities. After a five-year review process, the decision was made in May 2025 not to register the site as a cultural landscape.
While the project seemingly aims to improve funeral capacity, issues such as the neighborhood impact, land use changes, and road adjustments tied to past urban planning have greatly affected Nanshan Cemetery’s spatial context. This highlights a broader failure of spatial planning to properly engage with potential cultural spaces.
In both practice and theory, the planning field shows a lack of understanding of burial cultural spaces, overlooking how traditional burials integrate belief systems, Feng Shui, ethics, and craftsmanship to form a cultural landscape reflecting traditional worldviews. More fundamentally, planning lacks a conceptual framework grounded in cross-scalar spatiality, limiting its ability to actively represent culture and heritage. This study aims to assist planning in translating cultural perspectives by analyzing this case, exploring stakeholders’ concepts of cultural heritage and their spatial implications.
To clarify the complex layers of cultural space, this research uses the concept of authenticity, valued by both conservation and planning, to examine the dynamic and political relationships among people, place, and meaning. The tensions inherent in landscapes provide a basis for comparing diverse perspectives and understandings of authenticity across scales.
The study conducted in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, analyzed regulations, meeting records, and reports, and participated in preservation group activities and cultural heritage review meetings. The first part focused on identifying cultural authenticity and landscape elements in the burial context, analyzing differences in heritage discourse through the material, value, and experiential dimensions of authenticity. The second part expanded the discussion to include tensions among preservation groups, funeral management and customs, and urban planning, highlighting how differing views on culture, space, and institutional roles create conflicts.
Findings show that recognition of burial sites’ historical and cultural value shifts from a focus on materiality to value-centered authenticity, expanding spatially from individual graves to urban cemetery areas and even abstract national identity concepts. This challenges traditional planning approaches that limit understanding of fixed physical spaces.
Furthermore, tensions arise as preservation discourses adapt to social modernization, funeral management emphasizes efficiency and resource allocation affecting cultural and land perceptions, and rituals evolve in response to spatial constraints. Urban development agencies attempt to balance regulations and public opinion but maintain a neutral stance with limited cultural understanding, hindering active preservation responses.
In summary, analyzing the authenticity of burial landscapes reveals that value-based authenticity discourses cannot be adequately addressed through traditional, single-scale spatial analyses. Diverse interpretations of space and culture by different parties are the root of tensions. Theoretically, this study contributes a value-oriented, cross-scalar analytical framework centered on authenticity and landscape spatiality to help planning better understand culture. Practically, it identifies key cultural meanings and current challenges faced in the case.
This study advocates leveraging landscape understanding and planning’s strengths in managing multiple values and scales to build cultural planning discourse. Beyond recognizing culture’s role and identifying essential, irreplaceable authentic values and spaces, it stresses the importance of constructing perspectives and values dynamically. Such differences, revealed through authenticity and landscape analysis, encourage planners to reflect, reconstruct their values, and make informed decisions accordingly.
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