| 研究生: |
陳幸芬 Chen, Shing-Fen |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
台南縣臭氧敏感性物種之調查研究 Assessment of Ozone Sensitivities in Tainan County , Taiwan |
| 指導教授: |
李俊璋
Lee, Ching-Chang 吳義林 Wu, Yee-Lin |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 環境醫學研究所 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health |
| 論文出版年: | 2002 |
| 畢業學年度: | 90 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 158 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 光化煙霧產量模式 、臭氧敏感性物種 、經驗動力模式 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | OBM, Ozone-sensitivity, EKMA, SPM |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:102 下載:5 |
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由行政院環境保護署的空氣品質自動監測站資料發現,台南縣空氣品質不良之主要的指標污染物為PM10與臭氧,其中以PM10為指標污染物之日數有逐年減少之趨勢,然以臭氧為指標污染物種之日數卻逐年上昇,此一現象顯示台南縣於臭氧問題有日趨嚴重之趨勢,因而如何制訂臭氧之管制策略,便成為一重要課題。
由於臭氧生成主要與氮氧化物(NOX)與揮發性有機物質(VOCS)相關,兩者亦為形成對流層臭氧之前驅物質。由於臭氧相對其前驅物之敏感情形不一定,若管控物種錯誤,將造成臭氧濃度增加。因而本研究將以台南縣為研究對象,使用經驗動力模式(Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, EKMA)、光化煙霧產量模式(Smog Production Model, SPM)與實地採樣量測法(Observation Base Method)分別評估台南縣之臭氧敏感性物種,以為台南縣研擬臭氧管制略之參考。
環保署於新營及善化測站之空氣品質監測結果顯示高臭氧濃度主要發生於秋季,並且集中於高壓迴流型與高壓出海型兩種天氣型態;光化煙霧產量模式分析結果顯示新營及善化測站在1994年至2000年間臭氧最大小時濃度大於120ppb之事件日中各有81﹪及76﹪之比例屬NMHC為敏感物種,若以濃度大於80ppb之事件日分析結果台南縣則有96﹪比例以NMHC為敏感物種;另由實地採樣量測法與EKMA模式模擬均顯示台南縣高臭氧濃度之臭氧敏感物種應為NOX,而且NMHC之減量對於臭氧濃度,並無下降之功效。故台南縣可從該二種天氣型態,配合敏感物種進行減量,以降低臭氧之污染。
由於不同研究方法對於臭氧敏感物種的結論不一致,因而不同研究方法中參數的本土化應再有持續加強研究。
According to the monitoring data analysis, the main air pollutant indices which result of PSI>100 are PM10 and O3 in Tainan county. The unhealthy air quality station-days resulted from PM10 have reduced, but those resulted from O3 have turned into a slightly increasing tendency especially. In response to the O3 problem, the EPA must adjust the air pollution control strategy and focus on the ozone precursory substances emissions control in the future.
Photochemical ozone is formed from nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds through non-linear interactions, and the relationship between ozone and precursor pollutants will be different from place to place due to the emissions distribution and meteorology. This study used of Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach(EKMA), Smog Production Model( SPM),and Observation Base Method(OBM) to evaluate for ozone sensitivities, and estimated whether nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds will be more effective in reducing ozone concentrations in Tainan county.
The high ozone days are appeared mainly in the winter, and occurred mainly in the high-pressure recirculation system and high–pressure system approaching Pacific. Analyzing the data of the ozone concentration over 120 ppb from 1994 to 2000 by SPM , the NMHC-sensitivity is about 81﹪in Shin Ying and 76﹪in Shan Hua. Analyzing the data of the ozone concentration over 80ppb by SPM , the NMHC-sensitivity is about 96﹪in Tainan county. According to the EKMA and OBM, the Ozone-sensitivity is NOx. The simulated results show that the NMHC emission reduction cannot achieve optimal efficiency to ozone concentration.
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