揭露知識具有一體兩面的效果，一方面揭露知識讓企業間得以進行知識交流與合作來創造價值，另一方面，焦點企業揭露知識會產生知識外溢而阻礙焦點企業控制技術發展以獲得價值的能力。這不但是開放式創新研究領域的關心之處，亦是許多產業中的企業實際面臨的經營課題。過往研究探討外部企業藉由吸收能力來利用焦點企業的外溢知識，外部企業得以從焦點企業的知識外溢來獲取利益。然而，開放式創新中的研究需要更多以焦點企業的觀點來探討知識外溢如何讓自己獲取價值。儘管有研究指出，知識外溢能夠提供焦點企業替代性學習的機會，亦即焦點企業藉由 觀察外部創新活動與成果來進行學習。然而，吸收過多的外部知識將可能造成焦點 企業的創新績效下降，焦點企業需要在探索外部創新的同時對內部知識加以重視。因此，本研究關注於焦點企業如何透過知識外溢的效果來識別內部知識的價值，以及焦點企業進行自我學習與建構吸收能力的決策過程來獲取價值。
本研究通過分析 3GPP 標準制定組織中標準必要專利與排他性專利的引用關係，探討知識外溢的效果如何影響焦點企業在選擇性揭露知識後的學習決策。本研究結果顯示，焦點企業選擇性揭露知識的知識價值越高，以及焦點企業選擇性揭露知識後的知識外溢程度越高，焦點企業都分別會越容易進行替代性學習，反而忽略自我學習。重要的是，焦點企業透過替代性學習可以認知性地評估內部知識的價值，並且提升對內部重要知識的投資以貢獻於吸收能力，使得焦點企業能夠在未來持續創新。因此，本研究推進了開放式創新中選擇性揭露的研究，強調了在選擇性揭露中自我學習的重要性。本研究建議焦點企業在選擇性揭露知識後，不僅對外部知識進 行替代性學習來創造價值，焦點企業也需要重視自身內部知識的價值，並且對外溢 但具有價值的內部知識持續地自我學習以獲取價值。

Revealing knowledge enables firms to exchange knowledge and cooperate to create value. However, knowledge spillovers resulting from revealing knowledge may prevent focal firm from controlling technological development to capture value. Previous studies have pointed out that external firms can benefit from the knowledge spillovers of the focal firm and exploit the focal firm’s spillovers through absorptive capacity. However, in open innovation, more research is necessary to understand how the focus firm can capture value from its own spillover knowledge. Although studies have pointed out that knowledge spillovers could provide firms with opportunities for vicarious learning, which is firms learning-by-observing external innovation activities. However, absorbing too much external knowledge may lead to a decline in the innovation performance. The focal firm needs to pay attention to internal knowledge while exploring external knowledge. Therefore, this study focuses on how the focal firm recognizes internal knowledge value through their knowledge spillovers, and the decision processes that the focal firm conducts self-learning and investments in absorptive capacity to capture value.
This study analyzes the citation relationship between standard essential patents and proprietary patents in 3GPP standard-setting organizations to explore how knowledge spillovers affects the focal firm’s self-learning after selective revealing knowledge. The results showed that the focal firm is more likely to learn vicariously and ignore self-learning when the value of revealing knowledge is higher and the degree of knowledge spillover is higher, respectively. The important thing is that the focal firm can cognitively evaluate the value of internal knowledge through vicarious learning and increase investment in important internal knowledge to contribute to absorptive capacity, enabling the focus firm to continue to innovate in the future. This study advances research on selective revealing within open innovation and emphasize the importance of self-learning while selective revealing.

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