具有低成本與低能耗優勢的自營除氮程序被認為是符合永續發展的廢水除氮技術之一。自營除氮程序需要數種微生物彼此合作執行除氮的生態功能，氨氧化菌、厭氧氨氧化菌以及亞硝氧化菌三類自營除氮菌群豐富度決定反應系統除氮功能的表現，因此維持這三類自營除氮菌群在穩定且適當比例是長期操作自營除氮系統很重要的關鍵。本研究建立一套針對自營除氮菌群的階層寡核苷酸引子延伸法(ANR-HOPE)，共能偵測20個不同分類階層的自營除氮菌群；並以ANR-HOPE探討長期操作在低溶氧狀態下(DO < 0.3 mg/L)，自營除氮生物反應槽中關鍵菌群動態變化。ANR-HOPE分析結果顯示優勢的氨氧化菌為Nitrosomonas CB子群。優勢的亞硝氧化菌為Nitrospira屬，有三類Nitrospira子群動態變化著。在氨氮負荷提升過程，優勢的厭氧氨氧化菌由Ca. Jettenia轉變為Ca. Brocadia。以Redundancy analysis探討各菌群變動與環境因子的關聯，發現溶氧與氮負荷是最重要的環境因子，氨氧化菌與厭氧氨氧化菌的生長互為正相關，但是與亞硝氧化菌呈現負相關。進一步探討不同菌種組成與水質的關係發現，當Nitrospria子群I為優勢時比硝酸生產速率(14.3 μg NO3--N/Nitrospira 16S copies/day)高於Nitrospira 子群II優勢時(2.4 μg NO3--N/Nitrospira 16S copies/day)。此結果顯示當Nitrospria以II為主時，能夠以產生較少亞硝酸的方式生長。本研究成果展示ANR-HOPE可以有效的監測自營除氮反應槽關鍵菌群在不同分類階層的動態變化，顯示ANR-HOPE是一項可以應用於研究自營除氮菌群生態的分析技術。另一方面，耗時短、分析通量高的ANR-HOPE法也很適合於監測生物反應槽系統中關鍵菌群，增進自營除氮系統的管理效率。

This study developed an ANR-HOPE assay to rapidly determine the relative abundance of 20 bacterial groups involved in ammonia oxidation (AOB), nitrite oxidation (NOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (AnAOB). After optimization in silico and experimentally, the ANR-HOPE was applied to an autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor operated under long-term low oxygen conditions, and detected the bacterial targets accounting for approximately 70% of total bacterial population in the system. The resulting data showed the distinct population dynamics of AOB, NOB and AnAOB at the respective patterns. Ca. Jettenia sp. and Ca. Brocadia sp. were detected and exhibited the dominance at the stage 1 and the stage 3, respectively. This change of AnAOB species was likely the consequence attributed by the input ammonia loading variation and the differences of species eco-physiology such as the substrate affinity, and the growth conditions with DO and pH. The Nitrosomonas CB, an AOB specific to the reactor in this study was the most abundant AOB throughout the study. In accordance with the redundancy analysis, the Nitrosomonas CB dominated the community in the positive association with the increasing input nitrogen loading rate. Three Nitrospira groups (I, II and CB) coexisted at a detectable to medium abundance, and exhibited a dynamic fluctuation, which results in a great change of specific nitrate production rates. As demonstrated, the ANR-HOPE approach is a specific, rapid and multiplexing platform to determine the relative abundances of AOB, NOB and AnAOB populations. ANR-HOPE can be an appropriate method to routinely monitor autotrophic nitrogen removal bacteria populations and improve management of process operations.

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