溫室氣體和水資源短缺問題是現代社會的一些主要問題。溫室氣體排放與全球變暖密切相關，全球變暖正在穩步增加，預計未來幾十年將增加約 1.5oC。與此同時，隨著世界人口的增加，水資源短缺問題變得更加突出，預測表明這將是 2050 年的一個普遍問題，這將對糧食生產和糧食儲備部門造成破壞。台灣是最大的豬肉生產國和進口國之一，平均每年每頭豬可產生 1300 噸富含氮和磷的廢水。當前用於豬廢水生物修復的廢水處理系統會排放溫室氣體，例如二氧化碳、一氧化二氮和甲烷。Thermosynechococcus CL-1 (TCL-1) 是一種嗜熱內源性藍藻，能夠固定 CO2、脫氮和脫磷。它已在合成和稀釋的豬廢水中成功生長，使其成為豬廢水生物修復的有前途的替代品。
在本研究中，TCL-1 在具有不同初始溶解無機碳 (DIC)（56.5、85 和 113 mM 初始 DIC）和三種光強度（500、1,000 和 2,000 μE/m2/s）的 MF 培養基中生長 12 小時並測量了其生長速率、pH 變化、CO2 固定、脫氮和總磷 (TP) 去除。進一步研究系統內的 TP 分佈以證明 TCL-1 在其生物量中吸附或積累磷。最後，TCL-1 在稀釋的 AE-2 豬廢水中生長，光照強度不同（500、1,000 和 2,000 μE/m2/s）。在 85 mM 初始 DIC 下，在 1,000 μE/m2/s 光強度下記錄了 MF 培養基中最高的 TCL-1 生長，生物量生產力為 103.19±10.98 mg L-1 h-1，39.38±2.90% 生物量增量和比生長 0.028±0.001 h-1。在2,000 μE/m2/s光強度下，MF培養基培養中的固碳率在85 mM初始DIC濃度的情況下最高，固碳率為204.54±5.56 mg L-1 h-1，DIC去除率為56.50±1.86 %。在 85 mM 初始 DIC 的情況下，在 2,000 μE/m2/s 光強度下觀察到最高的總磷 (TP) 去除率為 62.79±1.17%。上清液吸附和細胞內 TP 分數分別為 21.68±0.85、15.86±0.33 和 62.46±0.88%。此外，在 85 mM 初始 DIC 的情況下，在 1,000 μE/m2/s 光強度下，總氮 (TN) 去除率最高，達到 24.65±1.75。在 2,000 μE/m2/s 光強度下，在 85 mM 初始 DIC 的情況下，TCL-1 細胞內的同化氮量測得為 142.00±13.94 mg/L。同時，AE-2廢水案例中的最高增長記錄在2,000 μE/m2/s光強度的情況下，生物量生產力為63.56±3.97 mg L-1 h-1，生物量增量為25.56±2.57% 和比增長0.01895±0.0017 h-1 的比率。在 aerobic tank-2（AE-2）廢水TCL-1培養中，在2,000 μE/m2/s光強下實現了最高的CO2固定和DIC去除，分別測量為93.45±1.80 mg L-1 h-1和28.486±1.410%。在 2,000 μE/m2/s 光強的情況下，TP 去除率最高，為 68.286±2.41%。上清液吸附和細胞內 TP 分數分別為 7.915±2.87、28.225±0.26 和 63.862±1.01%。最後，在 2,000 μE/m2/s 光強度培養的情況下獲得最高的 TN 去除和同化氮量，分別為 86.34±3.19% 和 48.01±4.36 mg/L。總之，在 85 mM 初始 DIC 和 2,000 μE/m2/s 光強度下，MF 培養基的 DIC 去除、TP 去除、TN 同化是最高的。同時，AE-2 廢水培養在 2,000 μE/m2/s 光照強度下的生長、DIC、TN 和 TP 去除率最高。

Greenhouse gas and water scarcity issues are some of the major concerns in modern society. Greenhouse gas emission is tightly correlated to global warming, which is steadily increasing and predicted to reach about 1.5oC increase in a few decades. Meanwhile, water scarcity issues become more prominent as world population increases with prediction stating that it would be a common problem in 2050 which would be devastating for food production and food reserve sectors. Taiwan, one of the biggest producers and importers of pork, has the potential to produce an average of 1300 tons wastewater/year/pig rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The current system of wastewater treatment employed for swine wastewater bioremediation emits greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrous-oxide and methane. Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) is a thermophilic endogenous cyanobacteria capable of CO2 fixation, nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal. It has been successfully grown in both synthetic and diluted swine wastewater, making it a promising alternative for swine wastewater bioremediation.
In this study, TCL-1 is grown in MF medium with different initial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (56.5, 85 and 113 mM initial DIC) and three light intensity (500, 1,000 and 2,000 μE/m2/s) for 12h period and its growth rate, pH change, CO2 fixation, nitrogen removal and total phosphorus (TP) removal were measured. TP distribution within the system is further studied to prove that TCL-1 either adsorb or accumulate phosphorus in its biomass. Lastly, TCL-1 is grown in diluted AE-2 swine wastewater under different light intensity (500, 1,000 and 2,000 μE/m2/s). The highest TCL-1 growth in MF medium was recorded in the case of 85 mM initial DIC under 1,000 μE/m2/s light intensity with biomass productivity of 103.19±10.98 mg L-1 h-1, 39.38±2.90% biomass increment and specific growth of 0.028±0.001 h-1. Carbon fixation in MF medium cultivation is the highest in the case of 85 mM initial DIC concentration under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity with carbon fixation rate of 204.54±5.56 mg L-1 h-1 and DIC removal percentage of 56.50±1.86%. The highest total phosphorus (TP) removal was observed at 62.79±1.17% in the case of 85 mM initial DIC under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity. The supernatant adsorbed and intracellular TP fractions are 21.68±0.85, 15.86±0.33 and 62.46±0.88%, respectively. Also, the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal is achieved at 24.65±1.75 in the case of 85 mM initial DIC under 1,000 μE/m2/s light intensity. The amount of assimilated nitrogen inside of the TCL-1 cell was measured at 142.00±13.94 mg/L in the case of 85 mM initial DIC under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity. Meanwhile, the highest growth in AE-2 wastewater case was recorded in the case of 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity with biomass productivity of 63.56±3.97 mg L-1 h-1, biomass increment of 25.56±2.57% and specific growth rate of 0.01895±0.0017 h-1. In aerobic tank -2 (AE-2) wastewater TCL-1 cultivation, the highest CO2 fixation and DIC removal is achieved under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity, each measured at 93.45±1.80 mg L-1 h-1 and 28.486±1.410%, respectively. The highest TP removal is observed at 68.286±2.41% in the case of 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity. The supernatant adsorbed and intracellular TP fractions are 7.915±2.87, 28.225±0.26 and 63.862±1.01%, respectively. Lastly, the highest TN removal and assimilated nitrogen amount is obtained in the case of 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity cultivation with value of 86.34±3.19% and 48.01±4.36 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, DIC removal, TP removal, TN assimilation are the highest for MF medium cultivation at initial DIC of 85 mM under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity. Meanwhile, growth, DIC, TN and TP removals are the highest under 2,000 μE/m2/s light intensity for AE-2 wastewater cultivation.

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