隨著全球電動車與儲能系統需求激增，鋰資源被視為能源轉型的關鍵戰略物資。預計到2030年全球鋰需求將達350萬噸，因此開發高效且具成本效益的鋰回收技術具備高度迫切性。現行回收技術如化學沉澱法，常因磷酸鋰(Li3PO4)具備極高的成核活化能（130.6 ± 31.7 kJ/mol）導致常溫下誘導期極長，且副產物為高含水率之疏鬆汙泥，增加後續處理負擔。本研究開發一套結合晶體誘導與流體化床均質結晶（FBHC）之整合製程，旨在常溫（25°C）下克服熱力學能障，實現高效鋰回收。
研究首先透過不同合成條件合成出磷酸鋰顆粒，並利用BET、SEM與批次實驗篩選最佳晶種，結果證實於60°C、pH 10.0、CLi,I = 3 g/L與反應時間為30分鐘條件下合成之磷酸鋰具備最大比表面積（18.20 m2/g）。根據古典成核理論（CNT）量化計算，添加此晶種能將成核路徑由均相成核轉向異相成核，使系統成核能障降低達81.8%，並在動力學上將成核速率提升3至5個數量級，大幅縮短誘導期。
接續將最佳之晶種引入連續式FBHC系統中，研究確立之最佳操作條件為：pH 11.65、上流速度Uup = 43.57 m/h、水力停留時間 HRT = 52.7 min 以及磷鋰莫耳比[PO4]/[Li] = 0.5。實驗顯示，當初始鋰濃度為3000 mg/L時，此時總回收率（TR）與結晶率（CR）分別為73.8%與73.67%。此外，針對高鹽背景環境之研究顯示，高離子強度會降低磷酸鋰之活性係數，使系統過飽和度下降，進而提高成核能障，導致回收率降低。整體而言，本研究成功提出一套整合晶體誘導與流體化床均質結晶（FBHC）之磷酸鋰回收技術，不僅突破傳統化學沉澱法成核能障極高與誘導期過長的限制，產出之低含水率(8.18%)及高純度(94.7%)顆粒亦為未來含鋰廢水的資源化處理提供具體技術依據與理論基礎。

Driven by the rapid growth of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, efficient lithium recovery technologies have become increasingly important. Conventional lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) precipitation is hindered by its high nucleation activation energy（130.6 ± 31.7 kJ/mol）, resulting in prolonged induction periods and bulky high-moisture sludge. Therefore, this study developed an integrated seed-induced Fluidized-Bed Homogeneous Crystallization (FBHC) process for lithium recovery under ambient conditions 25°C.

The optimal Li3PO4 seeds crystals synthesized at 60°C, pH 10.0, CLi,I = 3 g/L and 30 min reaction time, exhibited the highest specific surface area (18.20 m2/g). Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) analysis revealed that crystal seeding reduced the nucleation energy barrier by 81.8% and increased nucleation kinetics by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude, significantly shortening the induction period.

In a continuous FBHC system, optimal performance was achieved at pH 11.65, Uup = 43.57 m/h and [PO4]/[Li] = 0.5. At an initial lithium concentration of 3000 mg/L, the system reached a Total Recovery (TR) of 73.8% and a Crystallization Ratio (CR) of 73.67%

Although high ionic strength suppressed crystallization behavior, the FBHC system successfully produced low-moisture crystalline granules with high purity. The recovered products exhibited a moisture content of 8.18% and a product purity of 94.7%, demonstrating the potential of the integrated seeding–FBHC process for sustainable lithium recovery from lithium-containing wastewater and high-salinity brine systems.

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