國際航運業對世界經濟至關重要，80%以上的國際貿易量是經海洋運輸。然而一地的生物種便隨著船舶壓艙水突破了天然地理的屏障而被排放於目的地港域成為外來生物種，對於當地海域之生態環境、人類健康造成重大的威脅及嚴重的經濟損失。為此，國際海事組織(IMO)於2004年通過《國際船舶壓艙水及沈積物控管公約》以防止、控制壓艙水所帶來的外來種入侵問題，目前公約生效的兩個門檻之一已經達到，許多國家也對此公約規範作出回應，甚至在壓艙水公約生效前便已在其國內有相關立法，以維護自身的海域環境安全。
臺灣位於太平洋西部重要的交通樞紐位置，四周海域航運頻繁，對於船舶壓艙水可能帶來的外來種入侵問題不容忽視，然而船舶壓艙水管理在國內為新興議題，相關的研究仍少，本研究透過分析國外相關規範、執法經驗，瞭解對於壓艙水管理的國際趨勢與架構並依此輪廓檢視國內現況，包括壓艙水處置方式與管理方式兩方面的討論，最後透過深入訪談國內壓艙水管理之權益關係人瞭解其對於壓艙水管理的意見，盼能彙整出我國對於壓艙水管理之回應現況與需求，提供未來實施船舶壓艙水管理之有利參考。
研究結果發現我國未來實施船舶壓艙水管理首先需要確定主管機關的歸屬、各單位間的權責劃分以切實執法，國內航運公司對此持樂觀態度，願積極配合相關規範；壓艙水管理法規無論以專法或增修現有條文方式都應參採《壓艙水公約》之標準，以規範進港船舶使用船用壓艙水處理設備作為主要的壓艙水處置方式，並須建立完整的壓艙水採樣化驗配套措施。

The international shipping industry is indispensable to the global economy, carrying approximately 80 per cent of world trade. However such ballast operation results in the dispersion of non-indigenous species (NIS) into a new habitat well beyond their distribution range, endangering the ecological environment of the local waters and causing a major threat to human health and serious economic losses. To prevent, control the invasive species problem introduced by the ballast water, the international maritime organization (IMO) adopted the “International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments” in 2004. At present, one of the threshold of the entry into force of the Convention has reached and some countries have also enacted legislation related to ballast water management in order to protect their own marine environment.
Taiwan locates in the west rim of the Pacific Ocean as a global hub for marine transportation with frequent shipping, the potential of ship ballast water invasive species problem can not be ignored. Since there is very few researches related to ballast water management in Taiwan, this study aim to analyze of the content and the updated condition of the international convention and the related international regulations and enforcement experience for understanding the international trend of the ballast water management structure and for viewing of the domestic present condition according to this outline, including the treatment and management of the ballast water. Finally, we will interview the stakeholders of domestic ballast water management to understand their need and opinions and the result of this study can serve as favorable reference for the implementation of ships' ballast water management in Taiwan.
The results showed that in the future for the implementation of ships' ballast water management in Taiwan in order to effectively enforce the law the first need to determine the competent authority and the division of functions and powers of the governmental agencies. Domestic shipping industry is optimistic about this matter and is willing to actively obey with the related regulations. The domestic regulations of ballast water management whatever will be a form of a special law or upgrading existing regulations should follow the standard of the Convention on ballast water and ask the ships calling to our ports to take the onboard ballast water management system as the main treatment for ballast water. And to establish complete supporting measures for ballast water sampling tests is necessary.

中文
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英文
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(1) Resolution MEPC. 152(55), Guidelines for sediments reception facilities (G1)
(2) Resolution MEPC. 173(58), Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling (G2)
(3) Resolution MEPC.123(53), Guidelines for ballast water management equivalent compliance (G3)
(4) Resolution MEPC.127(53), Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast Water Management Plans (G4)
(5) Resolution MEPC.153(55), Guidelines for ballast water reception facilities (G5)
(6) Resolution MEPC.124(53), Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange (G6)
(7) Resolution MEPC.162(56), Guidelines for Risk Assessment under Regulation A-4 (G7)
(8) Resolution MEPC.174(58) revokes MEPC.125(53), Guidelines for approval of Ballast Water Management Systems (G8)
(9) Resolution MEPC.169(57) revokes MEPC.126(53), Procedure for Approval of BWM systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)
(10) Resolution MEPC.140(54), Guidelines for approval and oversight of prototype ballast water treatment technology programmes (G10)
(11) Resolution MEPC.149(55), Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange Design and Construction Standards (G11)
(12) Resolution MEPC.209(63) revokes MEPC.150(55), Guidelines on Design and Construction to Facilitate Sediment Control on Ship (G12)
(13) Resolution MEPC.161(56), Guidelines for additional measures including emergency situations (G13)
(14) Resolution MEPC.151(5), Guidelines on designation of areas for ballast water exchange (G14)
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