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研究生: 鄭育政
Cheng, Yu-Cheng
論文名稱: 具錯誤彈回使用於無線網路視訊傳輸之 小波位元平面演算法
Error-Resilience for Wireless Video Transmission Based on Wavelet Bit-Plane Algorithm
指導教授: 何裕琨
Ho, Yu-Kuen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 70
中文關鍵詞: 視訊無線網路位元平面小波轉換錯誤隱藏錯誤恢復影像
外文關鍵詞: image, video, wireless network, bit plane, wavelet transform, error concealment, error resilience
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  •   隨著無線網路的普遍發展,屆時使用手機、行動電腦、掌上型電腦等移動裝置來接收視訊多媒體資料將日益成熟成長,但由於無線網路環境的不可確定性高,當有錯誤的發生時,會直接傷害視訊資料的清晰度,因此需要有一機制來做錯誤校正(Error resilience),使得接收端在解碼後能盡可能還原原來的視訊影像是一個可行的方法。
      本論文提出一編碼端抗錯編碼加上解碼端錯誤隱藏之架構,在小波轉換後利用位元平面編碼來編碼小波係數值,而後加入不等錯誤保護(Unequal error protection ,UEP)觀念將所有位元平面區分為重要位元平面以及不重要位元平面,對於重要位元平面加強保護達到高抗錯效果,對於不重要位元平面設計四分樹編碼法則大量壓縮其資料量降低傳送位元數量,以產生兼具高抗錯能力以及低傳輸量之位元串流。動態影像處理採用相同於靜態影像編碼方式,但在位元串流傳送到網路前採用四個連續畫面為一個群組,並將每張畫面切割為四個區塊,以求盡量將傳送過程中的錯誤區塊平均分佈到每張視框上的不同位置,以便將來在解碼端就可向上提昇錯誤復原後之影像品質,而在解碼端接收到該影像時,可因應傳送位元錯誤情況不同執行可選擇錯誤隱(Error Concealment)藏演算法得到最佳之重建影像品質。
      實作此架構後,發現此架構的確提供一解決方案於無線網路多雜訊環境,適合用在無線網路傳輸環境中傳遞多媒體影音資料,且編碼端可依接收端設備硬體快慢記憶體大小來調整所傳送的資料量,由於採用Haar小波簡化計算量,符合低複雜度計算量方便硬體實現,故可妥善運用於無線網路環境或是其他low bitrate傳輸環境。

      As Wireless Network is now widespread,and we will use mobile device such as PDA,notebook,pocket PC to accept multimedia data ,but noise in wireless network always happened,this will damage definition of transferred image when error occurs. According to this problem we should make error resilience to raise quality of transferred image after we get it in receiver side.
      In this paper,we suggest a structure of error resilience in encoder and error concealment in decoder. And we take a schema of unequal error protection,UEP ,we make groups of significant bit plane and insignificant bit plane.For significant bit plane we enhance protection to have ability of error resilience and for insignificant bit plane we use quadtree structure to compress the data.So this method has two properties ,one is error resilience and the other is small transferred data bits.Based on this method,video data is also the same as static image,and we make four partition in each image of video data,and then interleave these images to decrease error block size in one image.By this way,we can raise quality of decoding image.And then after decoder accept the image,we can first identify error condition to choose a optimal algorithm to do error concealment to get optimal quality of image.
      After implementing this algorithm ,we make sure this algorithm is really a solution in wireless network ,it is adaptive to be used to transfer multimedia data in wireless network . So we can scale transferred data bits to fit the network and the mobile device .At last , because we use Haar wavelet transform , it decrease complexity of hardware ,by this we found this algorithm is really adaptive for wireless network .

    壹、緒論 -------------------------------------------------------- 1 貳、相關研究分析 ------------------------------------------------ 3 2.1 無線網路架構簡介 ---------------------------------------- 4 2.1.1 無線分封交換技術簡介 ------------------------------ 4 2.1.2 無線區域網路簡介 ---------------------------------- 4 2.2 各視訊影像標準之錯誤復原技巧 ---------------------------- 5 2.2.1 MPEG4 之特色與抗錯 -------------------------------- 5 2.2.2 JPEG2000 之特色與抗錯 ----------------------------- 8 2.3 靜態影像空間壓縮演算法 ---------------------------------- 9 參、系統架構描述 ----------------------------------------------- 11 3.1 Haar 小波編碼 ------------------------------------------ 13 3.2 位元平面編解碼與抗錯 ----------------------------------- 18 3.2.1 位元平面編碼 ------------------------------------- 18 3.2.2 錯誤狀況與錯誤隱藏 ------------------------------- 19 3.2.3 位元平面中以區塊為基礎之錯誤隱藏 ----------------- 21 3.2.4 位元平面之不同等級重要性保護 --------------------- 21 3.3 以區塊為基礎之四分樹空間壓縮演算法 --------------------- 22 3.4 不同重要性分級抗錯 ------------------------------------- 23 3.4.1 重要位元平面之抗錯 ------------------------------- 23 3.4.2 次要位於平面四分樹編碼---------------------------- 24 3.5 位元串流結構 ------------------------------------------- 24 3.6 影像位元平面之空間區域性特色---------------------------- 26 3.7 總結 --------------------------------------------------- 27 肆、程式實作結果 ----------------------------------------------- 28 4.1 Haar 小波轉換與位元平面編碼(靜態影像/動態影像) --------- 30 4.2 位元平面編碼 ------------------------------------------- 31 4.2.1 靜態影像位元平面編碼------------------------------ 31 4.2.2 位元平面遭遇大量位元錯誤之抗錯能力---------------- 33 4.2.3 動態影像位於平面編碼------------------------------ 36 4.3 編碼端動作流程------------------------------------------ 40 4.3.1 重要等級一之錯誤校正編碼-------------------------- 40 4.3.2 重要等級二之四分樹區塊獨立編碼-------------------- 41 4.3.3 重要等級三之算數編碼------------------------------ 42 4.4 傳送影像於網路上之位元串流結構-------------------------- 43 4.4.1 可於任意位元串流位置點停止之解碼特色-------------- 43 4.4.2 網路適應性編解碼能力 ----------------------------- 43 4.4.3 動態影像多視框交錯排列---------------------------- 44 4.5. 解碼端動作流程----------------------------------------- 45 4.5.1 靜態影像錯誤隱藏---------------------------------- 45 4.5.2動態影像錯誤隱藏(前後參考frame)-------------------- 46 伍、與其他方法比較 --------------------------------------------- 48 陸、結論 ------------------------------------------------------- 52 6.1 系統之優點 --------------------------------------------- 52 6.2 遭遇問題思考 ------------------------------------------- 53 柒、未來工作 --------------------------------------------------- 54 捌、參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------- 55

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