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研究生： 魏世澤
Wei, Shih-Tse
論文名稱： 基於哈達碼轉換之無失真H.264/AVC殘值編碼演算法
Efficient Residual Coding Algorithms Based on Hadamard Transform for Lossless H.264/AVC
指導教授： 劉濱達
Liu, Bin-Da
楊家輝
Yang, Jar-Ferr
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 100
中文關鍵詞： 適應性可變長度編碼 、H.264/AVC 、哈達碼轉換 、無失真編碼 、殘值編碼
外文關鍵詞： CAVLC, H.264/AVC, Hadamard Transform, Lossless Coding, Residual Coding
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    • 本論文提出基於H.264/AVC之高效率無失真編碼演算法，利用哈達碼轉換得到資料緊密特性來編碼殘值係數。首先提出的無失真編碼演算法，使用與頻率不相關的調降因子將轉換後的殘值係數適應性區分成商數和餘數部分。商數部分可經由熵編碼得到較好的編碼結果，餘數部分則在移除哈達碼轉換造成的冗餘位元後編碼成精簡形式。為了進一步增加壓縮效率和降低運算複雜度，本論文提出了另一個無失真壓縮演算法，在此方法中使用頻率相依的調降因子。轉換後的殘值係數首先進行精簡量化，接著使用改良後的鋸齒式掃描及適應性可變長度編碼器來壓縮精簡後的係數。模擬結果顯示，本論文提出的演算法，不管是使用內框預測或外框預測的編碼序列，都勝過原始的H.264/AVC無失真壓縮法。

    Efficient lossless coding algorithms for encoding residual data based on H.264/AVC that uses the Hadamard transform to take advantage of data compaction are proposed. A lossless coding algorithm is first shown to use frequency-independent scale-down factors to adaptively separate the transformed residual coefficients into quotient and remainder parts. The quotient parts are better encoded by entropy coders. The remainder parts are encoded into a compact form after the redundancies caused by the Hadamard transform are removed. To further improve the compression performance and reduce the computational complexity, a lossless coding algorithm that uses frequency-dependent scale-down factors is also proposed. The transformed residual coefficients are compacted using a compact truncation. The compacted coefficients are then compressed by a modified zig-zag scan and an improved context-based adaptive variable length coding coder. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithms outperform conventional lossless H.264/AVC for both intra and inter coded sequences.

    Abstract (Chinese) i Abstract (English) iii Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Organization for the Dissertation 6 Chapter 2 Lossless Coding Capabilities of H.264/AVC 7 2.1 Overview of Lossy and Lossless H.264/AVC 7 2.2 Intra Prediction for Lossless H.264/AVC 10 2.3 Transforms in H.264/AVC 13 2.4 Zig-Zag Scan and CAVLC Coder in H.264/AVC 18 2.5 Mode Decisions in H.264/AVC 21 Chapter 3 Design of Efficient Lossless Coding Algorithms 23 3.1 Overview of Proposed Lossless Coding Systems 23 3.2 Benefits and Problems of Hadamard Transform 25 3.3 Redundancy Exploration in Hadamard Transform 28 3.4 Residual Coding Algorithm with Hadamard Transform by Frequency-Independent Scale-Down Factors 34 3.4.1 Block diagram of overall algorithm 34 3.4.2 Truncation of transformed coefficients 35 3.4.3 Adjustment of quotient parts of transformed coefficients 36 3.4.4 Block-based adaptive truncation technique 41 3.5 Residual Coding Algorithm with Hadamard Transform by Frequency-Dependent Scale-Down Factors 45 3.5.1 Block diagram of overall algorithm 45 3.5.2 Compact truncation for transformed coefficients 46 3.5.3 Adjustment of compacted coefficients 47 3.5.4 Modified zig-zag scan 49 3.5.5 Improved CAVLC coder 51 3.5.6 Case study 57 3.6 Improved Intra Prediction for Lossless H.264/AVC 63 3.7 Adaptive Motion Search Algorithm for Lossless H.264/AVC 65 Chapter 4 Simulation Results and Comparisons 69 4.1 Settings for Simulations 69 4.2 Simulations for Lossless and Near-Lossless H.264/AVC 72 4.3 Simulations for Residual Coding Algorithm with Hadamard Transform by Frequency-Independent Scale-Down Factors 75 4.4 Simulations for Residual Coding Algorithm with Hadamard Transform by Frequency-Dependent Scale-Down Factors 79 4.5 Comparisons of Proposed and Other Existing Algorithms 84 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Work 89 5.1 Conclusions 89 5.2 Future Work 91 References 93 Publications 99

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