近年來，鈣鈦礦光伏元件的發展迅速，但此類材料仍舊面臨著許多問題，如有機鈣鈦礦在大氣中會發生水解、其中含有對環境有害的重金屬，如鉛等，上述因子對於鈣鈦礦的發展造成許多阻礙，其中，遲滯現象為另一項影響重大的因素，元件在依不同方向施加偏壓後所表現出的特性不同，造成實際應用上的不便，這項缺陷亟需有效的解決方法。
　　為解決鈣鈦礦元件中的遲滯現象，首先需要有系統性的量化與了解，基於本實驗室先前的研究，遲滯現象和鈣鈦礦元件中的離子遷移有關，且此情形在加入氯化膽鹼(choline chloride)後會被明顯抑制，確認現象的成因後，本實驗以變溫下的電流遲滯現象、電容-時間以及偏壓-光致發光量測去量化元件中離子遷移的情形，且發現在加入氯化膽鹼後確實能使元件中離子移動的啟動能增加。

In 2016, by using nickel oxide as hole transport layer, we successfully fabricated high efficiency organolead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes with maximum brightness up to 70000 Cd/m2 and current efficiency above 15 Cd/A. Despite high efficiency, severe hysteresis still affects the performance of perovskite LEDs. Previous researches have shown that hysteresis is caused by ion migration inside perovskite devices. In this work, we try to characterize bias-induced ion motion by calculating the activation energy (Ea) of ion migration in perovskite devices.
Furthermore, we incorporate a small amount of choline chloride into perovskite precursor solution as additive in order to suppress hysteresis. As a result, devices with choline chloride doped exhibit nearly hysteresis-free performance. Activation energies of ion migration in doping devices also increase with increasing doping concentration, proving that adding choline chloride can effectively suppress ion migration.

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