狀態估計所牽涉的議題眾多，如對於如何決定量測位置以及獲得良好的狀態估計結果，本文針對電表數量與不良數據權衡問題，提出基於哈密頓迴路的估計方法，藉由誤差低的電表量測數據獲得全網路未知狀態的估計值，該方法的優點在於計算上較為精簡快速，也因為沒有納入誤差較高的偽量測關係，準確性能有效提升，同時可以辨識出不良數據會影響到的估計匯流排狀態。為驗證該方法的成效，本文考慮三種不同匯流排數的三相配電系統與四種不同類型之量測案例，搭配模擬假設、資料取得方式、不良數據排除方法、與估計誤差容忍度。
本研究模擬使用DIgSILENT建立匯流排模型、DPL(DIgSILENT Programming Language) 產生MATLAB所需建模參數及數據、MATLAB建立數學模型並進行估計，狀態估計部分有權重最小平方法、哈密頓迴路的估計方法，不良數據偵測與辨識有卡方檢定、最大正規化殘差值法與最大白化殘差值法。在電表數量的條件不同下，對於所辨識出來的不良數據會由相對應的替換數值取代，而模擬結果顯示皆能符合最初訂定規範及標準，從而釐清電表數量與不良數據間之權衡問題。

There are many issues involved in state estimation, such as how to determine the location of the measurement and obtain good state estimation results. This paper focuses on the trade-off between the number of meters and bad data that proposes a state estimation method based on Hamiltonian loop estimation which can estimate value of the unknown state of the whole network only by meter data in low error. The advantage of this method is simple, fast, and accurate that because the pseudo-measurement relationship with high error is not included. Also, this method can recognize the influence state of the bus by the specific bad data. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, three different types of three-phase distribution systems with four different types of measurement cases considered by simulation hypothesis, data acquisition method, bad data elimination method, and the estimation error tolerance.
This simulation use DIgSILENT to build the bus system model, DPL (DIgSILENT programming language) to generate the modeling parameters in MATLAB, and MATLAB to establish the mathematical model and to estimate. In the part of state estimation, there are weighted least square method and Hamiltonian loop estimation method. In the part of Bad data detection and identification, there are chi-square verification, maximum residual normalized residual method and maximum whitened residual method. In different condition with the number of meters, for those identified bad data will be replaced by related value and simulation shows that the result meets the original specifications and standards.

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