台灣西南部位處板塊聚合前緣，地質構造複雜且活動頻繁，活動斷層與泥體構造廣泛分布，對基礎設施規劃與長期穩定性構成高度風險。中寮隧道沿線所觀測到的快速地表變形，突顯出釐清區域變形機制之急迫性，特別對於省道台86線東延工程路線之規劃具有重要意義。為精確掌握龍船地區地表變形分布與特性，本研究整合多元地表監測資料，包括經濟部地質調查及礦業管理中心提供之精密水準測量資料、自地礦中心、中央氣象署與國土測繪中心所蒐集之GNSS連續站與移動站觀測結果，以及經由小基線集（SBAS）技術處理之ALOS-2與Sentinel-1A衛星影像，進行系統性分析。GNSS連續站顯示2016年美濃地震（Mw 6.6）所引發之震後變形持續約兩年；另一方面，水準測量與ALOS-2差分干涉結果亦明確指出，2021年5月至2022年5月期間，龍船斷層（LCNF）周邊出現約20至40 mm之異常抬升。為避免該時段可能存在之非線性變形對結果造成干擾，本研究明確排除震後與異常變形時段，選擇2018年6月至2021年5月作為震間速度估算的代表期間，提升速度場解析之準確性與穩定性。所有速度場皆相對於澎湖白沙S01R連續站進行約制。本研究成果揭示龍船斷層兩側存在顯著的地表變形對比。在垂直方向，斷層西側下盤呈現7.2至14.6 mm/yr的抬升速率，斷層東側上盤則顯示 -2.5至-7.8 mm/yr的沉陷速率，反映出明確的斷層運動。水平方向則向西南運動，速率介於30至40 mm/yr。為提升InSAR視線速度場之可靠度，進一步將ALOS-2與Sentinel-1A影像反演之LOS速度場與GNSS投影結果進行約制。其中，ALOS-2升軌影像於斷層西側顯示較高的LOS速度，跨越LCNF後向東遞減；而Sentinel-1A影像則因山區高植被覆蓋與地形陰影影響，在斷層東側顯示較低的相干性與資料品質。本研究進一步整合GNSS、InSAR與水準測量資料，透過三維速度場反演，以解析地表變形分布。反演結果指出，於2018年至2021年震間期間，龍船斷層展現出右移型潛移特性，斷層西側抬升速率達10.8至13.3 mm/yr，而東側則趨緩至-1.4至1.7 mm/yr的輕微抬升與沉陷。整體三維速度場之速度梯度與龍船斷層之地質構造邊界高度吻合，驗證斷層對地表變形的主控角色。同時，斷層西側局部地區之顯著抬升與已知泥體構造分布相符，推測該區地表變形為活動斷層作用與深部泥體構造交互控制所致。地質調查結果亦進一步佐證此解釋，包括速度梯度與斷層走向一致性，以及泥體構造分布與異常變形區域之空間對應性。本研究透過震後效應排除、觀測資料整合與三維速度場反演，不僅釐清了龍船斷層地區的地表變形模式，也為未來工程路線選擇提供具體量化依據。藉由辨識變形速率較低與應變集中度較低之潛在路徑，可有效降低構造活躍區域之工程風險，進一步提升長期營建安全與基礎設施韌性。

Southwestern Taiwan, situated at the convergent boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates, is characterized by complex geological structures and intense tectonic activity. The widespread presence of active faults and mobile shale poses significant challenges to long-term infrastructure stability. Notably, rapid surface deformation observed near the Chungliao Tunnel underscores the urgent need to better understand the regional deformation mechanisms, particularly in light of the planned eastward extension of Provincial Highway 86.To investigate surface deformation in the Lungchuan area, this study integrates multi-source geodetic datasets, including precise leveling data from the Central Geological Survey, continuous and campaign-mode GNSS data provided by the Central Weather Administration and National Land Surveying and Mapping Center, and SBAS-InSAR products derived from ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1A imagery. GNSS time series reveal that the 2016 Mw 6.6 Meinong earthquake induced postseismic deformation lasting up to two years. In addition, leveling and ALOS-2 D-InSAR results indicate an anomalous uplift of approximately 20-40 mm between May 2021 and May 2022 near the Lungchuan Fault（LCNF）, which may reflect nontectonic or episodic deformation. To exclude the effects of both postseismic and anomalous signals, the interseismic velocity field was estimated over the period from June 2018 to May 2021. All velocity fields were referenced to the S01R GNSS station located in Baisha, Penghu.The results reveal pronounced deformation gradients across the LCNF. In the vertical direction, uplift rates on the western（footwall） side reach 7.2 to 14.6 mm/yr, while the eastern（hanging wall） side exhibits subsidence of -2.5 to -7.8 mm/yr. Horizontal velocities generally trend southwestward at rates of 30-40 mm/yr. To enhance the reliability of LOS InSAR measurements, LOS velocities from ALOS-2 and Sentinel-1A were constrained using LOS-projected GNSS velocities. ALOS-2 ascending-track results show ~30 mm/yr LOS velocities west of the fault, decreasing to 18 mm/yr eastward across the fault. In contrast, Sentinel-1A data exhibit lower coherence and significant radar shadowing in the vegetated mountainous areas east of the fault, limiting data quality.A three-dimensional velocity inversion incorporating GNSS, InSAR, and leveling data was performed to assess crustal deformation and strain accumulation. The inversion results indicate right-lateral creep along the LCNF during the 2018-2021 interseismic period, with uplift of 10.8-13.3 mm/yr on the western block and a reduced rate of -1.4 to 1.7 mm/yr on the eastern block. The velocity gradients align well with the mapped trace of the LCNF, highlighting its control over surface kinematics. Additionally, localized uplift zones on the western side of the fault spatially correlate with known distributions of mobile shale, suggesting a coupled influence of tectonic creep and ductile shale flow on surface deformation. This interpretation is further supported by geological field observations confirming the alignment between deformation gradients, fault structures, and shale outcrops.By quantifying surface velocity patterns and strain rate distributions, this study provides a robust geodetic framework for infrastructure planning in tectonically active mudstone regions. The identification of low-deformation corridors offers a valuable basis for route optimization and hazard mitigation, ultimately enhancing the safety and resilience of future infrastructure development in southwestern Taiwan.

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