在評估大都會區之地震潛勢工作中，藉由震間地表速度場估算之斷層滑移速率是非常重要之參數。Kendeng斷層為東爪哇最重要的活動斷層，並在通過印尼的第二大城－泗水時，形成Surabaya斷層和Waru斷層兩條分支。因此，為了解析泗水的地震潛勢，本研究首先彙整Surabaya斷層和Waru斷層鄰近區域之GNSS和InSAR等大地測量資料，解算出該地區的震間速度場。在GNSS部分，本研究主要針對研究區域中16個GNSS移動站，自2017年至2020年間之監測資料進行解算，並推估其於ITRF框架下之速度場。分析結果指出，本區之水平速度場為朝東南約-23.8–47.9 mm/yr；垂直速度場呈沉陷狀態，其值在1.3–112.2 mm/yr之間。接著，本研究利用ISCE軟體解算自2014年11月至2020年7月Sentinel-1A升軌及降軌之SAR影像，並透過Generic InSAR Analysis Toolbox（GIAnT）以短基線子集差分干涉法（SBAS）來獲得累積位移時間序列。此外，為了改善視衛星方向（LOS）速度的精度，本研究同時移除了SAR時間序列的離群值，並獲得升軌之LOS速度場在-14.8–10.8 mm/yr之間；降軌之速度場則約為-12.7–9.5 mm/yr。最後，結合GNSS三維速度場以及InSAR之LOS速度場進行速度反演，即可獲得泗水地區之地表三維速度場。根據本研究之模擬與分析結果，該區域之地表三維速度場揭露了Surabaya及 Waru 斷層的活動，指出了泗水地區地震災害發生之可能性。

Fault slip rates derived from the interseismic velocity field are critical to understand the seismic hazards in metropolitan cities. In this study, to understand the earthquake potential in the second-largest city in Indonesia, Surabaya, I integrated the geodetic data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) for evaluating the interseismic velocity field, where the Surabaya and Waru faults pass through. These two faults are the branches of the Kendeng fault, which is the most important active fault in East Java. Published data from 16 campaign-mode GNSS stations collected between 2017 and 2020 were reprocessed to estimate the velocity field. Horizontal velocities under the ITRF frame range between -23.8 mm/yr and 47.9 mm/yr toward the east and southeast. Vertical velocities generally range between -1.3 mm/yr and -112.2 mm/yr. Sentinel-1A SAR data of both ascending and descending tracks acquired between November 2014 and July 2020 were used to generate the interferograms with the InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) software. Furthermore, the cumulative displacement time series were constructed using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique in the Generic InSAR Analysis Toolbox (GIAnT). I also detected outlier SAR epochs to improve the precision of line-of-sight (LOS) velocities. The LOS velocities range from -14.8 to 10.8 mm/yr in ascending and from -12.7 to 9.5 mm/yr in descending tracks. Finally, the densified 3D velocity field in Surabaya area was estimated using the velocity inversion by inverting the GNSS 3D velocities and InSAR LOS velocities. The densified 3D velocity field reveals the activities of the Surabaya and Waru faults, which may indicate the implication of seismic hazards in the Surabaya area.

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