氣候變遷以及城市化導致未來水資源需求不斷上升，同時使可利用水資源不斷減少，需透過永續的手段確保水的可持續利用。而在國際上，目前「以自然為本的解決方案」(Nature-based solution)概念已被提出作為其中一項重要的在地自然條件下的水資源供給策略，其概念以水迴圈系統觀點作為基礎，透過水、自然、迴圈三者進行聯繫，並且已有許多成功實施的國際案例。台灣每年雖含有豐沛的降雨量，但仰賴水庫供水的模式，仍使乾季產生缺水情形日益嚴峻，故應嘗試以NBS和水迴圈系統角度重新思考運用現有豐沛降雨水資源的潛在條件。
本研究選定近幾年缺水情形嚴重之台南市鹽水溪流域，以近期文獻中提出之「二元水迴圈系統」與「環境潛力」兩者觀點，建構評估實施NBS於水資源利用之面向與潛力，包含水資源消耗、可利用水資源、水資源儲存三大面向及細項指標，爾後透過SWAT水文模型對研究範圍水文進行建模，並盤點在地水資源供給潛力，接著利用自來水消耗資料與土地使用等資料對地區水資源消耗進行分析，最後透過集群分析針對流域內子集水區分類，綜整各集水區在不同面向上之空間差異及潛力特性。研究結果顯示，流域內各集水區在各項條件上存在時間與空間差異性，在水資源消耗部分，中下游建成地區具備較高用水消耗特性，並以生活、工業用水最高，次要則以沿海地區之養殖漁業以及中游分布之農業灌溉，而在可利用水資源上，不同地區具備不同可利用水資源類別，整體以地表逕流為主，下游建成地區則具備較高可回收廢水，此外，各項可利用水資源以及用水消耗量在豐枯季存在時間差異，豐季具備較高可利用水資源條件，而用水消耗量在枯豐兩季則大致相同，並且豐季可利用水資源在一定程度可支援豐枯季用水消耗量。研究結果有利於對水資源區域化的理解，並且在未來政策上，可特別對中下游地區建置再生水廠以及相關NBS水資源措施，從而更加有效利用水資源。

Climate change and urbanization lead to water demand increasing, keeping the available water loss in the world. Therefore, it is important for managing water resources in a sustainable process. Recently, Nature-based Solutions (NBS) has been proposed as an important local water supply strategy, which based on natural solution from the environment, and have many successful cases in the world. Although Taiwan has abundant rainfall annually, the dependence on reservoir for linear water supply still cause severe water shortage during dry season. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the potential for utilizing the existing abundant water resources from rainfall and addressing the perspective of NBS into local policy. The study focuses on the Yan shui River Basin in Tainan City, which has experienced severe water shortages in recent years, and develop an evaluation framework for implementing NBS into water resource with the perspectives of the "dualistic water cycle system" and "environmental potential". The framework considers three main aspects, including water consumption, available water, and water storage. Then, the SWAT model is used to learn the hydrology of the study area, integrating water consumption and land use data for analyzing social water system. As a result, cluster analysis is used to classify sub watersheds within the basin, summarizing the differences and potential characteristics by spatial analysis. The results show that the built-up areas should have NBS solution to support water supply. Besides, it seems that built area have more potential to implement NBS, and have temporal and spatial differences in various conditions among the sub watersheds within the basin. The study contribute to a comprehensive understanding of regional NBS potential into water resource with spatial analysis and classify every sub watershed characteristic.

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