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研究生: 廖允智
Liao, Yun-Chih
論文名稱: 震動獵能電路設計及其於無線感測網路之應用
charging circuit design for vibrational energy harvester and application to wireless sensor network
指導教授: 莊智清
Juang, Jyh-Ching
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 83
中文關鍵詞: 獵能系統震動獵能電路設計切換式電路
外文關鍵詞: vibration energy harvester, energy scavenging system, switching circuit, wireless sensor networks
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  • 鑒於目前隨身型電子商品的需求日益遽增,但此類商品主要的電力供應者是電池,卻因電池的電力有限而無法有長期性使用的問題,因此發展出獵能系統,主要概念是收集環境中轉換出來的電力,再將收集到的電力完全供應於電子商品取代電池的使用,以及人力更換的成本。但因外界轉換出來的電力相當的小,因此目前發展出既省電且體積小的無線感測網路模組,正是目前獵能系統主要的應用之ㄧ。
    本研究發展目的在於設計出獵能電路,收集於環境中微弱震動轉換成電力使用,主要理想目標為電力取之於環境用於無線感測模組,完全由環境震動供電於無線網路模組,取代更換電池的麻煩,次要目的為增加電池續航力以減少更換電池之次數。
    評估本研究所應用的震動環境和電力輸出量後,設計出切換式充電電路,主要概念為電路當中有一大的電力儲存槽,先將環境震動轉換成極微弱之電力儲存,當儲存槽之電力夠大時,再依序至升 (降) 壓電路進而儲存於儲能元件,最後再給無線網路模組供電,而目前獵能電路設計上鮮少有完整的硬體架構應用於實務當中,況且當獲得之能量是以 等級在收集時,更是少有文件對系統完整的分析及其量測,在本研究當中說明了上述硬體架構及其量測結果,最後達到取之於環境用之於環境之最終目的。

    The demand for portable electronics is growing rapidly. Being Portable, they need to earn their own power. In most case the power supply is batteries. However, problems are related to their finite lifespan and dissipate labor cost of replacing batteries. For this reasons, recently energy harvester or energy scavenging system is developed to solve these problems. The concept is that energy is derived from external sources (eg solar power, thermal energy, wind energy and kinetic energy), captured and stored. Then the energy is applied to electronic devices instead of batteries. But energy harvesters currently do not produce sufficient energy to perform mechanical work, but instead provide very small amount of power for powering low-energy electronics. Thereby, the small size and low-power of wireless sensor networks is one of dominant applications to energy harvester.
    The primary purpose of this research is to design a charging circuit that is capable of harvesting energy from the vibrational environment and power wireless sensor networks without batteries. Secondary purpose is to prolong life of batteries. After measuring the vibrational environment, this study presents a switching circuit. The main ideal is that we design a temporary energy storage that gathers all of energy from surroundings. When the energy we get is enough, the circuit begins to convert voltage and to charge storage device. In the end we can operate the wireless sensor networks.
    The design and implementation of energy harvesting circuits have seldom been addressed in a systematic manner in literature. The thesis attempts to provide a detailed treatment for energy capture in the micro watt level.

    中文摘要 …………………………………………………………….. I 英文摘要 ……………………………………………………….….. III 目錄 …………………………………………………………………. V 表目錄 …………………………………………………………….. VII 圖目錄 …………………………………………………………... VIII 1. 緒論 1 1.1. 前言 …………………………………………………………… 1 1.2. 研究動機 ……………………………………………………… 2 1.3. 研究目的 ……………………………………………………… 4 1.4. 內容大綱 ……………………………………………………… 5 2. 評估與回顧獵能技術與裝置 6 2.1. 靜電式電能轉換 ……………………………………………… 6 2.2. 電磁式電能轉換 ……………………………………………… 8 2.3. 壓電式電能轉換 ……………………………………………… 9 2.4. 各類轉換器比較 ……………………………………………… 10 3. 建構震動獵能系統 13 3.1. 系統功能與需求 ……………………………………………… 13 3.2. 壓電元件 ……………………………………………………… 14 3.3. 二次電池 ……………………………………………………… 18 3.4. 評估無線網路模組 …………………………………………… 24 4. 獵能充電電路架構 26 4.1. 基本充電電路架構 …………………………………………… 26 4.2. 適應性最大電力充電電路架構 ……………………………… 28 4.3. 脈波寬度調變 (PWM) 充電電路架構 ……………………… 30 4.4. 各類充電電路架構比較 ……………………………………… 34 5. 系統設計與實驗結果 37 5.1. 切換式充電電路設計 ………………………………………… 37 5.2. 硬體架構電路說明 …………………………………………… 42 5.3. 電路量測結果 ………………………………………………… 52 5.4. 整合無線感測模組 …………………………………………… 62 6. 結論與未來研究方向 64 6.1. 結論 …………………………………………………………. 64 6.2. 未來工作 ……………………………………………………. 65 參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………... i

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