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研究生：	吳冠賢 Wu, Kuan-hsien
論文名稱：	使用離散餘弦轉換域預測演算法之H.264內框編碼器設計及硬體架構實現 VLSI Implementation of H.264/AVC Intra Coding with a Fast DCT-Domain Prediction Algorithm
指導教授：	楊家輝 Yang, Jar-ferr 劉濱達 Liu, Bin-da
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	93
中文關鍵詞：	內框編碼、內框決策機制的演算法、離散餘弦
外文關鍵詞：	dct domain, intra coding, fast mode decision algorithm, SAITD
相關次數：	點閱：77 下載：1
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本篇論文提出一個適用於H.264內框決策機制的演算法來增進編碼的效能，此決策機制藉由分析離散餘弦轉換係數來偵測區塊內部的紋理方向以減少內框編碼中所需要的模式個數，進而大量地減少編碼所需的計算量。除此之外，在採用整數離散餘弦時域階梯近似矩陣計算法(SAITD)的特性下，整個內框編碼的效能也得到相當的改進。在與許多現今的相關研究比較之下，此演算法可完全被整合在內框編碼器中而並非只是單純的前置處理單元。經模擬結果中可知，本論文所提出的演算法減少約60%的編碼計算量並且僅伴隨著非常微小的影像品質降低。在失真率上僅僅減少了約0.05 dB而位元率上也只增加了約1%的負擔。根據上述的SAITD和本演算法，本論文亦提出一個新的內框編碼架構來增進編碼效率，此一編碼架構包含了內框預測器、模式決定器以及整個內框影像重建所需要的模組。在模擬合成後，所提出的全部架構需要的電路面積是123.6k；最大的操作頻率可以達100 MHz，且對一個大區塊(MB)而言，整個內框編碼所需的循環數(cycle)約為其他設計的60%。這樣的處理速度可以達到即時處理4:2:0的格式、每秒30張畫面且解析度為1080 HD大小的影像。

In this thesis, a fast mode decision algorithm is proposed to increase the coding efficiency for H.264/AVC intra prediction. Based on the inherent feature of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), the results of the transformed input blocks are analyzed to determine the direction of the edges. Only a few of prediction modes are chosen for cost calculation. Moreover, the coding performance is improved by the benefits of sum of absolute integer-transform differences (SAITD). A novel intra coding structure is also proposed based on the SAITD methodology and proposed mode decision algorithm. In comparison with the previous fast algorithms, the proposed method is integrated into the intra coding procedure rather than performed as a pre-processor. Experimental results reveal the proposed algorithm approximately reduces the encoding time by 60% with negligible PSNR degradation and slight bit-rate increment. The proposed intra coding system, which consist of intra prediction, mode decision, and reconstruction loop, easily supports the real-time requirement for resolutions up to the 1080 HD format by operating at 100Hz.

Table of Contents	i
Abstract	v
List of Tables	vi
List of Figures	vii
CHAPTER 1 Introduction	1
1	Motivation	1
2	Organization for the Thesis	4
CHAPTER 2 Intra Mode Decision Algorithm	5
1	Basic Concepts for CODEC of H.264/AVC	5
2	Basic Concepts for Intra Prediction	7
3	Intra_Luma_4×4 Prediction Mode Directions	8
3.1	Intra_Luma_4×4_Vertical prediction mode (Mode 0)	10
3.2	Intra_Luma_4×4_Horizontal prediction mode (Mode 1)	10
3.3	Intra_Luma_4×4_DC prediction mode (Mode 2)	11
3.4	Intra_Luma_4×4_Diagonal_Down_Left prediction mode (Mode 3)	12
3.5	Intra_Luma_4×4_Diagonal_Down_Right prediction mode (Mode4)	13
3.6	Intra_Luma_4×4_Vertical_Right prediction mode (Mode 5)	14
3.7	Intra_Luma_4×4_Horizontal_Down prediction mode (Mode 6)	15
3.8	Intra_Luma_4×4_Vertical_Left prediction mode (Mode 7)	16
3.9	Intra_Luma_4×4_Horizontal_Up prediction mode (Mode 8)	17
4	Intra_Luma_16×16 Prediction Modes	18
5	Intra_Chroma Prediction Modes	19
5.1	Intra_Chroma_DC prediction mode	20
5.2	Intra_Chroma_Plane prediction mode	22
6	Cost Function	22
CHAPTER 3 Proposed DCT Domain Fast Intra Mode Decision Algorithm	24
1	Characteristic of Transform Function	24
2	Intra_Luma_4×4 Prediction	27
2.1	DC mode	29
2.2	AC mode	30
2.2.1	Diagonal direction	30
2.2.2	Vertical and horizontal direction	32
2.3	Most probable mode	33
2.4	Summary	34
3	Intra_Luma_16×16 Prediction	35
4	Intra_Chroma Prediction	39
5	SAITD Methodology	41
5.1	Distortion evaluation	41
5.2	Processing structure	42
CHAPTER 4 VLSI Implementation for DCT-Domain Intra Coding	45
1	Overview	45
2	Forward Transform	46
3	Prediction Generator	48
4	Reconstruction Loop	53
5	Register Array	55
6	System Controller	56
6.1	Procedure of Luma_4×4	57
6.2	Procedure of decomposed Luma_16×16	59
6.3	Procedure of Intra_Chroma	61
7	Timing Analysis	63
CHAPTER 5 Simulation Results and Comparisons	64
1	Simulation Results	64
1.1	Threshold value determination	66
1.2	RDO enabled	70
1.3	RDO disabled	80
2	Synthesis Results	83
3	Verification	85
CHAPTER 6 Conclusions and Future Work	87
1	Conclusions	87
2	Future Work	88
Reference	89
Publications	93
                                    

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校內：2011-08-05公開
校外：2011-08-05公開

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