攀爬機是一種踏板式運動器材，其運動軌跡類似於踏步機。它的踏板軌跡有矢狀面、冠狀面及垂直面。而且攀爬機具有可調整踏板站立寬度以及踏板角度。先前的研究表明，使用攀爬機在踏板為中性位置時可有效改善退化性膝關節炎的患者下肢的疼痛強度、身體功能和肌肉力量。其他研究表明，腳外翻會減少膝關節內收力矩，且膝關節內收力矩與退化性膝關節炎的嚴重程度有關。而大多數研究都特別關注楔形鞋墊對下肢的影響，很少有研究探討閉鎖動力鏈運動器材中踏板的角度對下肢的影響。本研究的目的是比較踩踏攀爬機時下肢在不同踏板角度下的生物力學特性。本研究招募十八名二十歲以上的健康成人。研究參與者需要有定期運動、沒有任何骨骼肌肉、沒有神經系統疾病、BMI在正常範圍(18.5≦BMI＜25.0)或是沒有任何疾病會影響訓練。每位參與者將跟著節拍器以每分鐘60步的節奏踩踏攀爬機並進行運動。在這項研究中，有三種不同的踏板角度，第一個情況是踏板外翻10度，第二個情況踏板呈現0度，第三個情況則是踏板內翻10度。每位參與者將隨機在不同的情況下進行攀爬機上的運動。以八台運動捕捉系統的照相機進行拍攝來記錄反光球在三維空間中的位置以及用六軸測力荷重元執行動作過程中的踏板的反作用力。每位受試者在各情況下共成功收取3次資料，每次15秒。本研究結果發現:不同的踏板角度會影響下肢生物力學，不管是在關節角度、關節受力還是關節力矩皆有影響。比較踏板0度和外翻10度情況的結果，在外翻10度情況下踩踏攀爬機，受試者的膝關節內收力矩較小，但其踝關節外翻力矩較大。但這個變大的踝關節外翻力矩，不足以造成健康成年人的足部傷害。所以本研究發現不管踏板呈現中性和外翻10度下使用攀爬機運動都可以減少膝關節外展力矩，這可以幫助醫生、治療師和教練為使用攀爬機的健康成年人選擇合適的踏板角度，來幫助他們達到預期的訓練目標。

A Pinnacle trainer is a pedal-type exercise equipment that has pedal trajectory including anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, and vertical aspect movements. Previous studies have shown that zero-degree pedal use in knee osteoarthritis patients improves lower extremity pain, function, and strength. Other studies have shown that the foot everted position reduced the external knee adduction moment, which is related to the severity of the knee osteoarthritis. Although lateral wedge insoles have been studied extensively, few studies have examined the effects of pedal angle on closed kinetic chain exercise equipment. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical characteristics of low limbs at different pedal angles during stepping on pinnacle trainer. This study recruited eighteen healthy adults to compare the biomechanics of the lower limbs at three pedal angles (0˚, eversion 10˚, inversion 10˚) while maintaining a consistent cadence of 60 steps/minute. The results showed that different pedal angles affect lower limb biomechanics in joint angle, force, and moment. Compared to the neutral condition, the external knee adduction moment was smaller in the eversion condition, while the external ankle eversion moment was greater. The observed increase in ankle eversion moment did not result in foot injuries in healthy adults. The external knee adduction moment of the Pinnacle trainer in the neutral condition was found to be lower than that of other CKC equipment and level walking. Thus, both eversion and neutral conditions reduced external knee adduction moment in healthy adults. In conclusion, both eversion and neutral pedal angles on the Pinnacle trainer can reduce the external knee adduction moment in healthy adults, which could help healthcare professionals and coaches select an appropriate pedal angle on Pinnacle trainer.

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