本研究基於過去Covid-19經驗，發現現行都市設計雖重視空間退縮與綠美化，卻缺乏明確之防疫標準。綜觀國內外之文獻，目前僅有美國疾病管制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CD)所提出之維持社交距離可作為較為明確的空間防疫規範供大眾參考。然，該規定僅為最初步的防疫措施，且近年盛行的TOD規劃模式(Transit-oriented development)強調高密度與高效率利用都市空間，與防疫情境下需保持一定距離之需求存在衝突，因此如何建立更具韌性以因應相關衝擊的都市逐漸成為討論焦點。而本研究認為都市空間之防疫規劃是未來因應傳染疾病衝擊的重要措施之一，因此嘗試以實證操作針對Covid疫後與都市公共空間設計進行研議，並嘗試探討初步的防疫管制規範。
　　在Covid-19疫後，如何在都市發展與健康間取得平衡等議題得到更多關注。目前國際上有不少研究針對Covid-19疫後的都市空間規劃提出建議。而台灣於疫情期間所受之衝擊較小，且相關研究多以醫學等領域為主，在空間規劃領域的探討也多偏向較空間尺度較大之研究，缺乏較小尺度並結合人群活動之實證研究。
　　而為彌補相關領域之研究缺口，並建立更精確之實證模擬內容，本研究以臺南車站地下化後之地下二層──穿堂層作為主要實證範圍。應用以空間形構法則(Space Syntax)為基礎開發之分析軟體DepthmapX，經視域分析(Visual Graph Analysis)、代理人模擬(Agent Simulation：Gate Count Analysis)與凸空間分析(Convex Space Analysis)，配合實地觀察並推估未來使用情形，以及進出站人數之混合方法，透過多維分析針對研究範疇進行探討。
　　由於車站係由許多不同功能的次活動空間組成，運用空間形構法則量化空間與使用者行為之關係，將其轉換為檢驗各空間之連通性、活動熱度以及空間被選擇使用之可能等條件指標。而新車站空間未來使用情形將會以本研究所取得之空間設計方案為基本配置，透過活動模擬方式記錄並分析現整體使用狀況（如進出動線、聚集熱區等等），作為實證情境之設定；並針對視域分析及代理人模擬所識別出來之可能人群聚集熱區進行動線調整，透過劃設管制區及置入引導物，降低人群過度集中接觸之機會。再由比對凸空間分析中的相對控制值(Control Value)與平均深度值(Mean Depth)檢驗穿堂層動線調整前後，空間被選擇之機率與易達性是否改變，作為該調整方案是否可降低染疫風險之參考。
　　根據實證結果顯示，新車站之穿堂層空間在不同尖峰時段可能因為大量人次同時進出站，而無法負荷防疫需求。因此需要在不改變車站面積，針對潛在聚集熱區進行動線調整。而透過視域分析與代理人模擬，辦別出主要有三個人群聚集熱區，分別是：（1）購票區至驗票閘口前、（2）付費區內的中央廊道空間，以及（3）驗票閘門往返地下停車場之廊道上，在代理人模擬之軌跡圖中亦有使用路線過於集中之問題出現。透過置入引導物及劃設部分管制區，有助於分散原先過於集中之人群。而各空間單元之CV值下降且分布平均，MD值則上升，顯示穿堂層在進行動線調整後，各空間被使用的機會變得均質且不易有特定聚集熱區出現，進而可減少人群過於壅塞集中之問題。
　　本研究嘗試在不改變新車站整體空間規模，且不影響站體正常運作與使用效率的前提下，提出有助於防疫時期，空間設計管制之動線改善策略。過去與都市健康與防疫方面之討論，較缺乏小尺度的空間進行實證研究。而本研究則透過驗證車站人流動線調整對防疫的影響，提出初步防疫設計建議：（1）站體以可符合防疫規範且能容納最大進出站人數之面積作為車站設計之原則（2）於移動路徑或穿行空間設置引導物，協助人群分流與引導移動動線（3）於售票區及進出站閘門前加設管制區，確保於人群密集區可以有更明確指示以維持社交距離。然，因本研究係以臺南車站做為案例分析，在情境假設上以單一使用目的為主，所模擬之使用者動線相對單純，後續建議可納入更多使用情境與動線進行討論與模擬，以提出更完善之公共空間防疫設計規定。

Based on the experiences of the Covid-19 pandemic, this study identifies that while current urban design practices emphasize spatial setbacks and greening, they lack explicit standards for epidemic prevention. A review of domestic and international literature reveals that the only relatively clear spatial prevention guideline is the maintenance of social distancing proposed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, this guideline represents merely a preliminary measure. In contrast, the increasingly prevalent Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model promotes high-density and highly efficient use of urban space, which may conflict with the need to maintain interpersonal distance during epidemic situations.
Consequently, the development of more resilient urban environments capable of withstanding such impacts has become a critical topic of discussion. This study posits that the planning of epidemic prevention measures within urban spaces is an essential strategy for mitigating the impacts of infectious diseases. Therefore, it undertakes an empirical examination of post-Covid urban public space design, aiming to explore preliminary guidelines for epidemic prevention and control.

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