船舶航運是目前全球產業貿易中貨物運輸最為依賴之交通工具，由於航運貿易日益頻繁，伴隨而來的便是船舶航運中產生的污染。國際海事組織(IMO)評估1990年全球船舶產生的二氧化硫排放量約有450萬到650萬公噸，相當於該年二氧化硫總排放量的4％，此排放量隨著船舶航運更為興盛及船舶技術改良更加新穎而呈現快速的成長趨勢。有鑑於此，國際上及各國對於船舶造成的空氣污染亦制定更為嚴謹之法規，如國際船舶污染防治公約加以抑制其排放。
高雄港為我國第一大國際商港，進出港船舶艘數及船舶裝載貨物吞吐量數目皆相當可觀，故高雄港船舶所產生的空氣污染對於周遭環境及生物將可能造成危害，然而目前我國對於船舶排放造成的空氣污染缺乏有效的方法加以估算。因此，利用有效的方法推估高雄港區內商船的二氧化硫排放量，並且提出因應管制的措施，才能有效降低船舶產生的污染現象。本研究目的在利用我國TEDS、美國長堤港及歐洲比利時所採用的船舶污染物排放推估方法，估算高雄港區內商船的二氧化硫排放量，研究推估方式之結果差異及差異原因，並且提供船舶降低空氣污染的減排策略供作參考。
本研究發現2006年至2010年之商船二氧化硫排放量利用TEDS方式推估約為3,229公噸至3,899公噸，佔高雄市總量的8.3％－10.2％；利用長堤港方式及比利時方式推估約佔高雄市總量的3.7％－4.9％及3.0％－3.9％，其中利用以上三種方式估算2010年商船排放二氧化硫量分別為3,061公噸、1,720公噸及1,329公噸。三種方式差異原因在於採用之參數，如貨物吞吐量、船舶功率及燃油排放係數修正的差別。國內法規目前對於船舶排放的空氣污染規範僅對粒狀污染物有較嚴謹的管制，而排放量大宗的氣狀污染物則無規範標準。商船需具有燃油才能運轉，空氣污染的排放無法避免，惟有透過政府對航運業及大眾的教育及宣導，持續監測商船的污染情形，思考法規制訂之可行性，替代能源使用之可行性，透過經濟工具的鼓勵手段，才能有效降低商船空氣污染排放問題。

The increase of shipping commerce is paralleled with the growing problem of vessel-source air pollution. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimates that the global emission of sulfur dioxide from ships is about 4.5 to 6.5 million tons in 1990, equal to 4% of the total emission from all sectors. In order to reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide, more stringent global convention or national regulations have been enforced, such as International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78).
The port of Kaohsiung is the largest international port in Taiwan and also one of the world’s largest ports for transporting international cargo and containers. Since the vessel-source sulfur dioxide emission is unregulated in Taiwan, the emission may have adverse environmental consequences to the surrounding area. However, current Taiwan’s TED method for estimating sulfur dioxide emission from vessels is not satisfactory. In this study, TED method and other methods used in United State and Belgium were utilized to estimate sulfur dioxide emission from merchant ships in the port of Kaohsiung. The differences in the three methods were compared and the result was used to provide management strategy for the reduction of sulfur dioxide emission in Taiwan.
It was found that sulfur dioxide emission from merchant ships is about 3,229 to 3,899 tons from 2006 to 2010 when using TED method. The amount is equal to 8.3%~10.2% of sulfur dioxide emission in Kaohsiung area. When United State and Belgium’s method were used, the estimated emissions were 3.7%~4.9% and 3.0%~3.9% to that in Kaohsiung area, respectively. The reason for varying results of estimation is due to the assumption in each method using different parameters to determine activity intensity, mainly cargo throughput, ship power, and fuel emission factor correction. Current regulations in Taiwan for vessel-source air pollution only set standard for particulate matter, lacking criteria for gaseous pollutants. In order to reduce the problem of sulfur dioxide emission, it is important to pursue a long-term educational campaign for both the shipping industry and the general public, strengthen monitoring program, set up more stringent emission criteria, and use economic instrument to induce compliance.

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