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研究生：	戴維志 Tai, Wei-Chih
論文名稱：	空調壓縮機調速驅動系統之設計與實現 Design and Implementation of a Variable-Speed Drive System for Air Condition Compressors
指導教授：	鄭銘揚 Cheng, Ming-Yang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	87
中文關鍵詞：	無位置感測器控制、永磁同步馬達
外文關鍵詞：	sensorless control, permanent magnet synchronous
相關次數：	點閱：94 下載：7
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永磁同步馬達具有高效率、高功率密度及免維修等優點，近年來廣泛地運用在家電產品、資訊產品及工業調速系統上。為了確保永磁同步馬達正確的電子換向，需要位置感測器回授轉子位置資訊。一般常見的位置感測器如霍爾感測元件、編碼器與解角器等。然而，在某些應用場合，裝設位置感測器會有所限制。例如，霍爾感測元件容易受高溫影響，且裝設位置感測器將會增加系統的體積。因此，發展低成本且易於實現之無位置感測器驅動技術，一直是重要的研究議題。
本論文提出一種適用於永磁同步馬達弦波電流驅動之無位置感測器驅動方法，此方法所取得之換向參考訊號並不需要中性點電壓、多級濾波器、馬達相關參數，及複雜之數學運算與座標轉換，是一種低成本且易於實現的方法。與一般常見之反電動勢零交越點偵測法，或直接轉子位置估測法比較，此方法僅需利用簡單之電子電路，及比較器即可取得換向參考訊號。將此換向參考訊號搭配插值法，即可獲得弦波電流驅動所需之連續轉子位置資訊。另外，本研究針對低通濾波器及電樞電感所造成之相位落後提出相位補償方法。由理論分析與實驗證明，此為一種低成本且較易於實現之策略，可適用於空調系統、散熱風扇及幫浦等需要調速的應用場合。

Due to advantages such as high efficiency, high power density and maintenance free, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been widely used in home appliances, computer related equipments, industry variable speed drives, etc. recently. In order to perform the perfect electric commutation for the PMSMs, the information of the rotor position is required, where Hall effect sensors, optical encoders, resolvers, etc, are examples of commonly used position sensors. However, there are limitations on the installation of the position sensors for some applications. For example, the low cost Hall effect sensors are highly heat sensitive. Moreover, the installation of position sensors will substantially increase the volume of the drive system. Therefore, there is a strong demand for low cost and easily implemented sensorless controllers.
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a cost effective sensorless control scheme of the extensively used PMSMs for the case of sinusoidal commutation. Taking into consideration cost and ease of implementation, the commutation signals are obtained without the motor neutral voltage, multistage analog filters, sensitive machine parameters, complex model based calculation and coordinate transformation. In the proposed approach, instead of sensing the back EMF or injecting the additional high frequency switching signals, the commutation signals are extracted directly from the specific average terminal voltages with simple RC circuits and comparators. The required continuous position can be estimated from the speed information which is calculated and updated every sixty electric degrees. Moreover, the speed-dependent commutation error caused by the low pass filter and inherent armature inductance is analyzed, and a phase compensation strategy is proposed. Because of the inherent low cost property, the proposed control algorithm is particularly suitable for air conditioners, cooling fans, air blowers, and related home appliances. Theoretical analysis and experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

目錄
中文摘要.......................................................I
英文摘要......................................................II
誌謝.............................................................IV
目錄..............................................................V
表目錄......................................................VIII
圖目錄........................................................IX
符號表......................................................XIII

第一章 緒論.............................................................................1
1　前言.................................................................................1
2　研究動機.........................................................................2
3　章節概要.........................................................................6

第二章 永磁無刷馬達的數學模式及驅動策略.....................7
1　前言.................................................................................7
2　永磁無刷馬達之分類.....................................................8
3　永磁無刷馬達之驅動方法...........................................10
3.1	方波電流驅動...............................................................10
       （1）120度導通模式............................................................10
       （2）180度導通模式............................................................12
3.2	弦波電流驅動...............................................................14
3.3方波電流驅動法與弦波電流驅動法比較....................14
4　永磁同步馬達之數學模型...........................................15
4.1	d、q軸定義...................................................................16
4.2	永磁同步馬達數學模型...............................................17
5 永磁同步馬達之控制方法..............................................20
5.1 d-q控制法......................................................................20
5.2 相位控制法...................................................................23
5.3 d-q控制法與相位控制法之比較..................................24

第三章 永磁無刷馬達之無位置感測器驅動方法...............26
1	無位置感測器驅動技術..................................................26
2 直接轉子位置估測法......................................................27
2.1 反電動勢積分法...........................................................28
2.2 基於同步馬達等效數學模型搭配觀察器...................30
3 反電動勢零交越點估測法..............................................33
3.1 端電壓法.......................................................................33
3.2 三次諧波法...................................................................37
3.3 PWM切換偵測法..........................................................40
4討論與比較.......................................................................42

第四章 永磁無刷馬達之無位置感測器驅動實現...............45
1 前言..................................................................................45
2	基於霍爾元件訊號弦波電流驅動..................................46
2.1 轉速估測策略...............................................................46
2.2 轉子位置插值法...........................................................48
3 虛擬霍爾元件感測訊號產生器......................................49
3.1 電路硬體架構...............................................................49
3.2 虛擬霍爾元件訊號產生原理與應用...........................53
3.3低通濾波器設計及電流命令相位補償........................56

第五章 硬體架構與實驗結果...............................................60
1 實驗硬體架構..................................................................60
1.1	微處理器.......................................................................60
1.2 弦波脈寬調變...............................................................61
1.3	變頻器...........................................................................62
1.4 過電流保護...................................................................64
2	軟體程式架構..................................................................65
3	實驗結果..........................................................................69

第六章 結論與未來研究建議...............................................81
1	結論..................................................................................81
2	未來研究建議..................................................................82

參考文獻................................................................................83

自述........................................................................................87
 

                                    

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校內：2009-08-28公開
校外：2009-08-28公開

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