由於醫療科技的進步造成人類壽命延長，使得全球高齡人口的比例劇增，使骨質疏鬆症成為全世界第二大流行病。根據統計，全球超過五十歲以上的女性約有1/3罹患骨質疏鬆症，男性約為1/5。在台灣，依健保紀錄指出當罹患骨質疏鬆症的老人其骨折後一年內之死亡率，女性約為15%，男性則高達22%。傳統治療骨質疏鬆症的方法為服用鈣片、荷爾蒙或藥物，但大部分藥物易產生副作用，造成體內器官負擔及不舒服感，亦或是副作用少卻價格昂貴，因此發展使用外在的物理性刺激治療骨質疏鬆症已成為趨勢。本研究目的為設計與發展小動物骨質疏鬆實驗用之電磁場刺激治療儀，特定目標如下：(1) 設計電磁場刺激治療儀之驅動器；(2) 設計電磁場刺激治療儀之電磁場線圈；(3) 校正電磁場刺激治療儀。

根據臨床需求與功能性設計，包含兩種不同的電磁場波形(脈衝波、振盪波)、可調整的高電磁場強度(1.0 T)、60 mm x 100 mm的電磁場刺激面積以及線圈冷卻。本研究設計並完成電磁場刺激治療儀之雛型，其中驅動器包含：電磁場強度控制模組、升壓直流電源供應模組、儲電電容模組、驅動器保護模組、電磁場波形控制模組；電磁場線圈包含：電磁場線圈模組與電磁場線圈冷卻模組。雛型完成後校正其設計功能，包含儲電電容值之校正、線圈電感值之校正、電磁場強度之校正、電磁場波形之校正、磁面電磁場強度分佈之校正、不同磁面距離的電磁場強度分佈之校正。

本研究校正結果顯示：(1) 可產生兩個驅動電流波形訊號，脈衝波(波形時間：7 ms)與振盪波(波形時間：22 ms)；(2) 可調整平均的電磁場強度Tavg為0.4 ~ 1.0 T，且N極與S極的磁面電磁場強度並無明顯的差異；(3)極性不同且面積為60 mm x 100 mm的電磁場刺激極面，其各點電磁場強度會由四周向中心點逐漸衰減，至中心點(P7)的最大衰減約為0.2 T；(4)電磁場強度會因距離的增加而造成強度的衰減，在最高距離100 mm時，強度衰減至約0.12 T。未來應用本研究完成的電磁場刺激治療儀，探討其治療骨質疏鬆動物模型之可行性，並驗證儀器的電性安全、改善電磁場強度空間衰減問題以及增加儀器操作的便利性。

Due to the advance of medical technology, the human life expectancy has dramatically increased; the world’s elderly population also has upped significantly. This entire situation has led to the fact that osteoporosis is the second largest epidemic in the world. According to global statistics, 1/3 of the female population over the age of 50 suffers from osteoporosis, and its counterpart, male, 1/5. In Taiwan, the record of health insurance indicates that the mortality rate within one year after suffering from fracture in the elderly having osteoporosis is approximately 15% for female, and up to 22% for male. The conventional treatments for osteoporosis were taking calcium tablets, hormone or certain drug medications, but most of them were either pretty costly or often inductive of side effects to the user. Therefore it has become a trend to develop external physical treatments for osteoporosis. The purpose of this study is to design and develop electromagnetic field (EMF) instrument for osteoporosis study in small animal. Three specific goals are to (1) design the driving system of electromagnetic field instrument; (2) design the coil for the electromagnetic field, and (3) calibration of the prototype.

Based on clinical as well as functional requirements, the electromagnetic field instrument includes two different field waveforms (pulse, oscillation), adjustable intensity (0.4 ~ 1.0 T), a stimulation area (60 mm x 100 mm) of the electromagnetic field, and a coil cooling system. This study fulfills the design and completion of the prototype of the electromagnetic field instrument. The prototypical driving system comprises modules of intensity controller, step-up DC power supplier, electrical storage capacitor, waveform controller and driver protector; the electromagnetic coil includes the field coil itself and its own coil cooling system. This study further complete the calibration of the prototype, including capacitance of the storage capacitor, inductance of the coil, adjustable intensity range of EMF, the waveform of EMF, the intensity distribution on the stimulation plane of EMF, and the intensity distribution on different magnetic surface distances of EMF.

This study has shown four results. (1) two types of drive current waveforms (pulse, duration: 7 ms; oscillation, duration: 22 ms) can be generated; (2) the adjustable range of the EMF intensity Tavg is between 0.4 T to 1.0 T, and there is no major difference between the EMF strength of N pole surface and that of S pole one; (3) on stimulation areas (60 mm x 100 mm), the EMF intensity on different points would gradually decrease along to the center point, and at the center point (P7), the maximum attenuation is about 0.2 T; (4) the intensity of the field will decrease due to the increase of the magnetic surface distances; at the maximum distance of 100 mm, the intensity attenuation is about 0.12 T. In the future, the completed EMF medical prototype in this study should be further applied to explore the feasibility of osteoporosis treatment on animal models, verify the electrical safety of the instrument, decrease the spatial attenuation of EMF and improve the operational convenience of the instrument.

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