定位系統目前廣泛應用於工程、醫療與個人定位等民生用途，現有使用無線通訊之定位系統中，最常見的為GPS全球衛星定位系統。但GPS一般而言無法應用於室內。目前已發展出的室內定位法則大致上可分成使用距離觀測量與不使用距離觀測量此兩類，在使用距離觀測量之法則中可透過訊號傳送時間、訊號傳送時間差、訊號衰減模型等方式得到距離量測值，再透過三角定位解算即可得到定位結果。在不使用距離觀測量之法則中一般是以建立定位資料庫再配合比對之方式來得知待定位點所在位置，由於接收場強資訊取得較為容易且方便，因此被普遍用來建構成定位資料庫。然而由於室內環境之複雜度高，因此對於不同之室內環境其所適合使用之定位法則亦有所不同，此外為了節省建構系統時所花費的成本與時間，有必要發展出一套室內定位品質分析評估系統，本論文即是以此為出發點，針對系統的建構擺設與定位演算法進行模擬與分析，並以實地實驗之方式驗證分析評估之結果。

Location techniques are crucial in many engineering and medical applications. In existing wireless positioning systems, GPS is the most widely used system. However, GPS is not suitable in an indoor environment due to the attenuation of its signals. In indoor positioning systems, the positioning methods usually can be classified as either using distance measurement or not. The methods that are suitable for distances measurements including TOA, TDOA, and propagation model. If distance measurements are available, then the position can be determined by a trilateral algorithm. Because it is easy and convenient to obtain the RSS information, together with a pre-surveyed RSS database, the RSS measurements can also be used for position determination. In view of RSS-based positioning methods, the issues lie in the complexity in establishing the digital fingerprint especially for complex environment. The thesis develops a systematic approach can be used to ensure of quality of service in a positioning system. Different indoor positioning algorithms are also assessed. Finally, experiments are used to verify the quality of service analysis and indoor positioning algorithm.

1. Allen Ka and Lun Miu, “Design and implementation of an indoor mobile navigation System,” Master thesis of CS at MIT 2002.
2. Julio I. Concha and Jae-Hyuk Oh, “High precision positioning with a sensor network,” IEEE Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, p49 – 53, 14-17 Dec. 2004.
3. M.R. McCarthy and H.L. Muller, “RF free ultrasonic positioning,” In Proceedings of Seventh International Symposium on Wearable Computers, White Plains, New York IEEE Computer Society, 21-23 October 2003.
4. Nissanka B. Priyantha, Anit Chakraborty, and Hari Balakrishnan, “The cricket location-support system,” The 6th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston, MA, August 2000.
5. Lionel M. Ni, “Indoor location sensing using active RFID,” IEEE International Conference in Pervasive Computing and Communications, Dallas, TX, USA, March 2003.
6. R. Olsen, D. Rogers and D. Hodge, “The aRb relation in the calculation of rain attenuation,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, p318 – 329, Volume 26, Issue 2, Mar 1978.
7. B. Sklar, “Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems part I: characterization,” IEEE Communication Magazine, p90-100, July 1997.
8. Michel Daoud Yacoub, Foundations of Mobile Radio Engineering, CRC, Press, Inc.
9. P. Bahl and V.N. Padmanabhan, “RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system,” IEEE Computer and Communications, Volume 2, p775 – 784, 26-30 March 2000.
10. A. Hatami and K. Pahlavan, “A comparative performance evaluation of RSS-based positioning algorithms used in WLAN networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Volume 4, p2331 – 2337, 13-17 March 2005.
11. P. Prasithsangaree, P. Krishnamurthy and P. Chrysanthis, “On indoor position location with wireless LANs,” Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Volume 2, p720 -724, Sept. 2002.
12. S. Zvanovec, P. Pechac and M. Klepal, “Wireless LAN networks design: site survey or propagation modeling,” Radioengineering, Volume 12, No.4, Dec. 2003.
13. R. Yarlagadda, I. Ali, N. Al-Dhahir and J. Hershey, “Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP): bounds and properties,” General Electric Company, 1997.
14. J.T. Zhang and Y. Huang, “Indoor channel characteristics comparisons for the same building with different dielectric parameters,” IEEE Communications, Volume 2, p916 – 920, 28 April-2 May 2002.
15. P. Prasithsangaree, P. Krishnamurthy, P.K. Chrysanthis, “On indoor position location with wireless LANs,” IEEE International Symposium, Volume 2, p720 – 724, 15-18 Sept. 2002.
16. T.K. Sarkar, Zhong Ji, Kyungjung Kim, A. Medouri and M. Salazar-Palma, “A survey of various propagation models for mobile communication,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Volume 45, Issue 3, p51 – 82, June 2003.
17. Zhefeng Song, Keli Zhang and Yong Liang Guan, “Generating correlated Nakagami fading signals with arbitrary correlation and fading parameters,” IEEE Communications, Volume 3, p1363 – 1367, 28 April-2 May 2002.
18. W.K. Tam, V.N. Tran, “Propagation modeling for indoor wireless communication,” IEEE Electronics and Communication, Volume 7, Issue 5, p221 – 228, Oct. 1995.
19. CrossBow device document: http://www.xbow.com/
20. Zigbee Alliance: http://www.zigbee.org/
21. ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Resource Center: http://www.palowireless.com/zigbee
22. TinyOS website: http://www.tinyos.net/
23. 鄭同伯，802.11完全剖析無線網路技術，博碩文化股份有限公司，第692-702頁，2004。
24. 莊惠如、莊智清、盧春林、林福林，低功率超寬頻(UWB)脈衝式無線電傳輸與定位技術之研究 超寬頻定位法則與評估報告書，台南， 2004。
25. 莊智清、黃國興，電子導航，全華科技圖書，2001。