簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳玟勳
Chen, Wen-Hsun
論文名稱: 虛擬臨場感對消費者知覺的影響
The Effect of Telepresence on Consumer Perceptions
指導教授: 賴孟寬
Lai, Meng-Kuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 經營管理碩士學位學程(AMBA)
Advanced Master of Business Administration (AMBA)
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 72
中文關鍵詞: 互動性媒體資訊豐富度虛擬臨場感品牌印象知覺風險訊息態度產品態度購買意願
外文關鍵詞: Interactivity, Media Richness, Telepresence, Brand Image, Perceived Risk, Message Attitudes, Product Attitudes, Purchase Intention
相關次數: 點閱:189下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究主要在發現網路廣告的互動性和提供的媒體資訊豐富程度對虛擬臨場感的影響。此外,利用互動性和媒體資訊豐富度所產生的虛擬臨場感,探討是否能增加消費者的知覺效果。根據過去研究文獻的探討,本研究發展出11個假設,包括互動性和媒體資訊豐富度對虛擬臨場感的影響以及間接對消費者品牌印象、知覺風險、訊息態度、產品態度和購買意願的影響。根據學者研究對互動性和媒體資訊豐富度的定義,選擇網路上既有的經驗產品網路廣告,分別選擇四種不同的互動性和媒體資訊豐富度,進一步根據網路廣告內容發展出適當的網路問卷。
    研究結果顯示,隨著網路廣告互動性的增加和媒體提供的資訊豐富度越好,消費者的虛擬臨場感就會越高,間接增加消費者對網路廣告的品牌印象、訊息態度和產品態度。
    本研究的虛擬臨場感雖然會對消費者的品牌印象、訊息態度和產品態度有所影響,但對消費者的知覺風險仍無法產生影響作用。由此可知,虛擬臨場感的呈現在網路廣告中扮演具有影響力的角色,但媒體必須提供適切的資訊豐富度和互動性才能促進網路廣告虛擬經驗的產生進而降低知覺風險。然而,建構虛擬臨場感來提高消費者的知覺與購買意願之間的關係在本研究則無法得到支持。

    This research examines the effect of interactivity and media richness on telepresence, a sense of presence in a remote environment. Through the experimental studies with four different online advertising, we evaluate the effect of two characteristics— interactivity and media richness—on the creation of telepresence and assess the impact of telepresence on consumer perceptions about brand image, perceived risk , attitudes toward the advertised message, attitudes toward the advertised product and purchase intention. Thus, we expected increased levels of interactivity and media richness would lead to more positive perceptions toward online advertising, stronger feelings of telepresence and behavior consistency.
    Results show that interactivity and media richness both contribute to creating a sense of telepresence. Increases in interactivity and media richness are associated with increased feelings of telepresence, which have a significant and positive impact on brand image, attitudes toward the advertised message and attitudes toward the advertised product. Thus, through telepresence, these online advertising characteristics influence consumers’ cognitive responses.
    Besides, the mediating effect of telepresence on perceived risk is no significant differences. The variables of brand image, perceived risk and message attitude have no significant difference on behavioral intentions. Finally, managerial implications and research limitations are also discussed in this article.

    目 錄 摘 要 Ⅰ ABSTRACT Ⅱ 誌 謝 Ⅲ 目 錄 Ⅳ 表目錄 VI 圖目錄 VII 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機 2 第三節 研究範圍與目的 4 第二章 文獻探討 5 第一節 互動性 5 第二節 虛擬臨場感 7 第三節 互動式網路廣告對知覺風險與品牌印象的影響 9 第四節 媒體資訊豐富度 11 第五節 媒體資訊豐富度對知覺風險與品牌印象的影響 14 第六節 品牌印象對知覺風險的影響 16 第七節 溝通效果 17 第八節 研究架構 19 第三章 研究方法 21 第一節 研究設計 21 第二節 變數的操作性定義及衡量 21 第三節 互動式網路廣告的選擇及前測 26 第四節 正式問卷 30 第四章 結果分析與討論 33 第一節 資料處理 33 第二節 因素分析、信度與效度檢定 36 第三節 假設驗證 44 第四節 其他發現 55 第五章 結論與建議 57 第一節 結論 57 第二節 研究貢獻 58 第三節 研究限制和方向 62 第六章 參考文獻 64 表目錄 表3-1. 互動性和資訊豐富度操弄檢定結果 29 表3-2. 正式問卷題項和來源 31 表4-1. 不同情境下有效問卷回收樣本數(樣本數=446) 34 表4-2. 人口統計樣本分佈表 35 表4-3. 因素分析與信度檢定(樣本數=446) 38 表4-4. 自變數操弄結果 (樣本數=446) 40 表4-5. 各因素CFA模式評估 44 表4-6. 互動性與資訊豐富度對虛擬臨場感ANOVA分析結果 45 表4-7. 依變數線性迴歸結果 47 表4-8. 虛擬臨場感組內迴歸係數同質性檢定結果 48 表4-9. 虛擬臨場感共變數分析結果 50 表4-10. 依變數線性結構關係模式結果 54 表4-11. 品牌態度變異數分析結果 55 圖目錄 圖2-1. 研究架構圖 20 圖4-1. 虛擬臨場感單一模式(8 ITEMS) 41 圖4-2. 虛擬臨場感單一模式(7 ITEMS) 41 圖4-3. 品牌印象單一模式(7 ITEMS) 42 圖4-4. 知覺風險單一模式(6 ITEMS) 43 圖4-5. 訊息態度單一模式(4 ITEMS) 43 圖4-6. 互動性與資訊豐富度對虛擬臨場感的影響 46 圖4-7. 參數估計圖 53 圖5-1. 實證後的研究 59

    英文文獻
    Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3), 102-120.
    Akaah, I. P., & Korgaonkar, P. K. (1988). A conjoint investigation of the relative importance of risk relievers in direct marketing. Journal of advertising research, 28(4), 38-44.
    Alba, J., Lynch, J., Weitz, B., Janiszewski, C., Lutz, R., Sawyer, A., & Wood, S. (1997). Interactive home shopping: consumer, retailer and manufacturer incentives to participate in electronic marketplaces. Journal of Marketing, 61(3), 38-53.
    Andres, H. P., & Petersen, C. (2002). Presentation media, information complexity, and learning outcomes. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 30(3), 225-246.
    Andrews, J. C., Akhter, S. H., Durvasula, S., & Muehling, D. D. (1992). The effects of advertising distinctiveness and message content involvement on cognitive and affective responses to advertising. Joumal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 14(1), 45-56.
    Anu, M., Mary, A. R., & Christopher, D. H. (2008). Can consumers recognize misleading advertising content in a media rich online environment? Psychology & Marketing, 25(7), 655-674.
    Atkin, C., & Block, M. (1983). Effectiveness of celebrity endorsers. Journal of Advertising Research, 23(1), 57-61.
    Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer behavior as risk taking. Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 389-398.
    Berger, I., & Mitchell, A. A. (1989). The effect of advertising on attitude accessibility, attitude confidence, and the attitude-behavior relationship. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 269-279.
    Bezjian-Avery, A., Calder, B., & Iacobucci, D. (1998). New media interactive advertising vs. tradtitional advertising. Journal of Advertising Research, 38(4), 23-33.
    Biocca, F. (1992). Communication with virtual reality: Creating a space for research. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 5-22.
    Biocca, F. (1997). The cyborg's dilemma: Progressive embodiment in virtual environments. Journal of Computer Mediated-Communication, 3(2), 12-26.
    Burgoon, J. K., Bonito, J., Ramirez, J., A., Dunbar, N. E., Kam, K., & Fischer, J. (2002). Testing the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity, and verbal and nonverbal modalities in interpersonal interaction. Journal of Communication, 52(3), 657-677.
    Burgoon, J. K., Stoner, G. M., Bonito, J. A., & Dunbar, N. E. (2003). Trust and deception in mediated communication. Proceedings of the 36th annual meeting of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 1-11.
    Carlson, J. R., & George, J. F. (2004). Media appropriateness in the conduct and discovery of deceptive communication: The relative influence of richness and synchronicity.Group Decision and Negotiation, 13(2), 191-210.
    Chen, L. D., & Tan, J. (2004). Technology adaptation in e-commerce: key determinants of virtual stroes acceptance. European Management Journal, 22(1), 74-86.
    Chung, J. E., Pysarchik, D. T., & Hwang, S. J. (2009). Effects of country-of-manufacture and brand image on korean consumers' purchase intention. Journal of Global Marketing, 22(1), 21-41.
    Clark, J. K., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2006). Attitude accessibility and message processing: The moderating role of message position. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44(2), 354-361.
    Cox, D. F., (1967). Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior.Boston, Massachusetts: Division of Research.
    Coyle, J. R., & Thorson, E. R. (2001). The effects of progressive levels of interactivity and vividness in web marketing sites. Journal of Advertising, 30(3), 65-78.
    Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2004). Materialism and the evolution of consciousness. Psychology and consumer culture: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world, 91-106.
    Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1984). Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organizational design, Research in organizational behavior, 6, 191-233.
    Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32(5), 554-571.
    Daft, R. L., Lengel, R. H., & Trevino, L. K. (1987). Message equivocality, media selection, and manager performance: Implications for information systems. MIS Quarterly, 11(3), 355-366.
    Daugherty, T., Li, H. R., & Biocca, F. (2008). Consumer learning and the effects of virtual experience relative to indirect and direct product experience. Psychology and Marketing, 25(7), 568-586.
    Degeratu, A. M., Rangaswamy, A., & Wu, J. ( 2000). Consumer choice behavior in online and traditional supermarkets: The effects of brand name, price, and other search attributes. International Journal of Research in Marketing , 17(1), 55-78.
    Dennis, A. R., & Kinney, S. T. (1998). Testing media richness theory in the new media: The effects of cues, feedback, and task equivocality. Information Systems Research, 9(3), 256-274.
    Dobrow, L. (2004). How to play games and influence people: Advergaming emerges as new ad option. Media Daily News. Retrieved July 21, 2007, from http://www.aef.com/channel.asp?ChannelID=6&DocID=2492&location=In%20The%20News.
    Doney, P. M. & Cannon, J. P., (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 35-51.
    Draper, J. V., Kaber, D. B. & Usher, J. M. (1998). Telepresence. Human Factors, 40 (3), 354-375.
    Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer Behavior, 8th ed., Fort Worth: Dryden Press. Forrester Research.
    Fang, X., Xu, S., Brzezinski, J., & Chan, S. S. (2006). A study of the feasibility and effectiveness of dual-modal information presentations. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 20(1), 3-17.
    Fazio, R. H., Lenn, T. M., & Effrein, E. A. (1983-1984). Spontaneous attitude formation. Social Cognition, 2(3), 217-234.
    Fazio, R. H., Powell, M. C., & Williams, C. J. (1989). The role of attitude accessibility in the attitude-to-behavior process. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 280-288.
    Fiore, A. M. & Jin, H. J. (2003). Influences of image interactivity on approach responses towards an online retailer. Internet Research: Electronic Networkin Applications and Policy, 13 (1), 38-48.
    Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Managing user trust in B2C e-services. E-Service Journal, 2 (2), 7-24.
    Gorn G. J., Goldberg M. E., & Basu K. (1993). Mood, awareness, and product evaluation. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3), 237-256.
    Grigorovici, D. & Coonstantin, C. (2004). Experiencing interactive advertising beyond rich media: Impacts of ad type and presence on brand effectiveness in 3D gaming immersive virtual environments. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5(1), 22-36.
    Hair, J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Hoffman, H., & Mickel, N. (1998). Interactive Advertising: Patterns of Use and Effectiveness. Proceedings CHI’98, Los Angeles CA, 219-224.
    Heeter, C. (1992). Being there: The subjective experience of presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1(2), 262-271.
    Heeter, C. (2000). Interactivity in the context of designed experience. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 1(1), 4-15.
    Hirschman, E. C. (1984). Experience seeking: A subjectivist perspective of consumption. Journal of Business Research, 12(1), 115-136.
    Hoch, S. J., & Ha,Y. W. (1986). Consumer learning: Advertising and the ambiguity of product experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(2), 221-233.
    Hoffman D. L., & Novak T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments--Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 60(3), 50-68.
    Hopkins, C., Raymond, M. A., & Mitra, A. (2004). Consumer responses to perceived telepresence in the online advertising environment: The moderating role of involvement. Marketing Theory, 4(1-2), 137-162.
    Hurme, P. (2005). Mobile communication and work practices in knowledge-base organizations. An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments, 1(1), 101-108.
    Jahng, J., Jain, H. K., Ramatnurthy, K. (2006). An empirical study of the impact of product characteristics and electronic commerce interface richness on consumer attitude and purchase intentions. Systems and Humans, 36(6), 1185-1201.
    Jarvenpaa, S. L., Tractinsky, N. & Vitale, M., (2000). Consumer trust in an internet store. Information Technology and Management, 1(2), 45-71.
    Johnson E. J., & Tversky A. (1983). Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), 20-31.
    Jung, J., Kim, J. Y., & Shim, S. W. (2004). Cross-cultural differences in perceived risk of online shopping. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), 3-3.
    Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22.
    Kim, T., & Biocca, F. (1997). Telepresence via television: Two dimensions of telepresence may have different connections to memory and persuasion. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2).
    Kim, Dan J., Steinfield, C., & Whitten, P. (2009). The effects of different presentation modalities on a person identification task: A study of wireless multimedia PDA use in a security context. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 25(2), 134-154.
    Klein, L. R. (1998). Evaluating the potential of interactive media through a new lens: Search versus experience goods. Journal of Business Research, 41(3), 195-203.
    Klein, L. R. (2003). Creating virtual product experiences: The role of telepresence. Journal of interactive marketing, 17(1), 41-55.
    Ko, H., Cho, C. H., & Marilyn, S. R. (2005). Internet users and gratifications: A structural equation model of interactive advertising. Journal of Advertising, 34(2), 57-70.
    Kotler, P. (2008). Marketing management, 12th ed., N. J.: Prentice Hall.
    Lavidge, R. J., & Steiner, G. A. (1961). A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. Journal of Marketing, 25( 6), 59-62.
    Lee, J., Park, D. H., & Han I. (2008). The effect of negative online consumer reviews on product attitude: An information processing view. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 7(3), 341-352.
    Li, H., Daugherty, T., & Biocca, F. (2001). Characteristics of virtual experience in electronic commerce: A protocol analysis. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 13-30.
    Li, H. R., Daugherty, T., & Biocca, F. (2002). Impact of 3-D advertising on product knowledge, brand attitude and purchase intention: The mediating role of presence. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 43-57.
    Lombard, M., & Ditton,T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of telepresence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(2).
    Lombard, M., & Snyder-Duch, J. (2001). Interactive advertising and presence: A framework. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 1(2), 56-65.
    Lo, S. K., & Li, T. (2008). Selection of communication technologies—A perspective based on information richness theory and trust, Technovation, 28(3), 146-153.
    MacKenzie, S. B., & Lutz, R. J. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. Journal of Marketing, 53(2), 48-65.
    Maity, M., & Peters, C. L. O. (2005). A primer for the use of internet marketing research tools: The value of usability studies. Interactive Marketing, 6(3), 232-245.
    Martínez Salinas, E., & Pina Pérez, J. M. (2009). Modeling the brand extensions' influence on brand image. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 50-60.
    McMillan, S. J. (2000). Interactivity is in the eye of the beholder: Funtion, perception, involvment and attitude toward the website. In Proceeding of the American Academy of Advertising, M.A. Shaver, ed., East Lansing, MI:Michigan State University, 71-78.
    McMillan, S. J., & Hwang, J. S. (2002). Measures of perceived interactivity: An exploration of the role of direction of communication, user control, and time in shaping perceptions of interactivity. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 29–42.
    Mitchell, A. A. (1986). The effect of verbal and visual components of advertisements on brand attitudes and attitude toward the advertisement. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(1), 12-24.
    Mitchell, A. A., & Jerry, C. O., (1981). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediators of advertising effects on brand attitudes? Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 318-332.
    Nelson, P. (1974). Advertising as Information. Journal of Political Economy, 82(4), 729-754.
    Nelson, M. R., Yaros, R. A., & Keum, H. (2006). Examining the influence of telepresence on spectator and player processing of real and fictious brands in a computer game. Journal of Advertising, 35(4), 87–99.
    Novak, T. P., Hoffman, D. L., & Yung, Y. F. (2000). Measuring the customer experience in online environments: A structural modeling approach. Marketing Science, 19(1), 22-42.
    Park, C., & Kim, Y. (2006). The effect of information satisfaction and relational benefit on consumers' online shopping site commitments. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, 4(1), 70-90.
    Park, J., Lennon, S. J., & Stoel, L. (2005). On-line product presentation: Effects on mood, perceived risk, and purchase intention. Psychology & Marketing, 22(9), 695-719.
    Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101-134.
    Pedersen, E. R. (2006). Perceptions of performance: How European organisations experience EMAS Registration. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(2) , 61-73.
    Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Issue involvement as a moderator of the effects on attitude of advertising content. Advances in Consumer Research, 8(1), 20-24.
    Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Schumann, D. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 135-146.
    Peter, J. P., & Tarpey, L. X. (1975). A comparative analysis of three consumer decision strategies. Journal of consumer research, 2(1), 29-37.
    Rice, R. E. (1992). Task analyzability, use of new media, and effectiveness : A multi-site exploration of media richness. Organization Science, 3(4), 475-500.
    Robert, L. P., & Dennis, A. R. (2005). Paradox of richness: A cognitive model of media choice. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 48(1), 10-21.
    Roselius, T., (1971). Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods. Journal of Marketing, 35(1), 56-61.
    Sheth, J. N., & Venkatesan, M. (1968). Risk-reduction processes in repetitive consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 5(3), 307-310.
    Sherry Jr, J. F. (1990). A sociocultural analysis of a Midwestern American flea market. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(1), 13-30.
    Simon, S. J. (2001). The impact of culture and gender on web sites: An empirical study. Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 32(1), 18-37.
    Sismeiro, C., & Bucklin, R. E. (2004). Modeling purchase behavior at an e-commerce web site: A task completion approach. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 306-323.
    Song, J. H., Zinkhan, G. M., & Pan, Y. (2005). Young shoppers’ experience with e-shopping, International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 2 (3), 219-236.
    Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42 (4), 73-93.
    Suh, K. S. (1999). Impact of communication medium on task performance and satisfaction: An examination of media-richness theory. Information & Management, 35(5), 295-312.
    Swinyard, W. R. (1993). The effects of mood, involvement, and quality of store experience on shopping intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(2), 271-280.
    Tan, S. J. (1999). Strategies for reducing consumer’s risk aversion in internet shopping. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(2), 116-180.
    Taylor, J. W. (1974). The role of risk in consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing, 38(2), 54-60.
    Then, N. K., & DeLong, M. R. (1999). Apparel shopping on the Web. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 91(3), 65-68.
    Thomas, J., & Griffin, R. (1983). The social information processing model of task design: A review of the literature. Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 672-682.
    Van der Kleij, R., Lijkwan, J. T. E., Rasker, P. C., & Dreu, C. K. W. (2009). Effects of time pressure and communication environment on team processes and outcomes in dyadic planning. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 67( 5), 411-423.
    Van der Kleij, R., Paashuis, R., & Schraagen, J. M. (2005). On the passage of time: Temporal differences in video-mediated and face-to-face interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 62(4), 521-542.
    Welch, R. B. (1999). How can we determine if the sense of presence affects task performance? Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 8(5), 574-577.
    Yang, H. E., & Wu, C. C. (2009). Effects of image interactivity technology adoption on e-shoppers' behavioural intentions with risk as moderator. Production Planning & Control, 20(4), 370-382.
    Yousafzai, S. Y., Pallister, J. G., & Foxall, G. R., (2003). A proposed model of e-trust for electronic banking. Technovation, 23(11), 847-860.
    Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.

    無法下載圖示 校內:2020-01-01公開
    校外:不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE