平面漂砂試驗常用以模擬海岸結構物對鄰近地區的地形影響，由於此種模擬常比例縮尺之試驗，故實驗地形量測需要極高之精度以避免量測結果還原至現場尺度時誤差被放大。除提高量測精度之外，大比例尺之模型試驗亦能直接降低誤差放大，但由於大型平面漂砂試驗地形(150m*60m*1.5m)量測困難，現有的高精度測量儀器無法因應試驗場環境而呈現應有水準，故本研究引入攝影量測技術，使用Australis套裝軟體配合試驗場既有的XY平面台車嘗試了解攝影量測之精度、量測時間、地形圖表現及解決其適應性問題。
研究顯示，攝影法於漂砂試驗中Z軸精度優於3mm，而在30m*40m的測區時間試算顯示約3小時能執行完成量測工作，相較現在用於中、大型平面漂砂試驗地形量測的退水法需要兩工作天具有時間上的優勢。由於攝影法地形資料點位分佈均勻，其所內插出來的地形圖在局部區塊的敏感度優於退水法。此外，換不同焦段的鏡頭即能適應不同計畫的場地尺度，而不需事先率定鏡頭及多機攝影亦是本方法的優勢。其尚可延伸用於物件的3D曲面建置，這將是另一個攝影方法的應用方向。

Sand drift test were used to simulate the near-shore terrain change due to coastal structures constructed. A decrease-sized modeling tests needs higher measuring accuracy to prevent error bloom when it’s transformed to on-the-scene size. One way to get rid of error bloom was using larger testing site. Unfortunately, high accuracy terrain measuring device were with difficulty to fit its specifications when it’s used in a large-scale sand drift testing site(150m*60m*1.5m). Here we introduce photogrammetry combine with commercial software Australis and XY-car at the testing site to examine the performance of photogrammetry using in terrain measurement of sand drift test that including the accuracy, time taking, topography detail, and find any adaptive problems then solved.
It shows that the accuracy of Z-axis is better than 3mm. When estimating the time it takes in a 30m*40m testing site, only about 3 hours is needed than two days compared with recession water method which is used to be the only way in median-scale or large-scale sand drift test terrain measurement. Photogrammetry shows better sensitivity in topography detail because of the evenly spread located points. In addition, it can be use in different size testing site just change the focal length of lens. It’s no needed to pre-calibration your camera and lens is bonus of photogrammetry, and you can use several cameras at a time. One possible application of photogrammetry is the curved surface construction of an object, it might be a way for further research thinking.

1、 何維信，航空攝影測量學，大中國圖書公司，1995。
2、 何維信，測量學第二版，宏泰出版社，1996。
3、 張小燕，”數位化空中三角量測系統架構之研究”，國立成功大學測量工程研究所碩士論文，1994。
4、 張汝真、謝仁馨，航空攝影測量學，中華民國航空攝影及遙感探測學會出版，2001。
5、 黃柏壽，”淺水不規則波浪的群性對細砂質海床液化反應影響之試驗探討”，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所碩士論文，2006。
6、 A.W. Fitzgibbon and A. Zisserman. “Automatic camera recovery for closed or open image sequences.” In European Conf.Computer Vision, pages 311–326, Freiburg, 1998.
7、 D. C. Brown. “Calibration of close range cameras. “Int. Archives Photogrammetry, 19(5), Unboundpaper (26 pages), 1972.
8、 D. C. Brown. “The bundle adjustment — progress and prospects.” Int. Archives Photogrammetry, 21(3), Paper number 3–03 (33 pages). 1976.
9、 F.Amer. “Digital block adjustment. “Photogrammetric Record, 4:34–47, 1962.
10、 F.Ackermann.”Digital image correlation: Performance and potential applications in photogrammetry.”Photogrammetric Record, 11(64):429–439, 1984.
11、 Galvin, C. J., and Eagleson, P. S. “Experimental study of longshore currents on a plane beach.“ U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Tech. Memo No. 10, Vicksburg, MS,1965.
12、 Hughes, S. A.”Physical models and laboratory techniques in coastal
engineering.” World Scientific, Singapore,1993.
13、 Ian E shepherd,”The Measurement of Bed Form Shapes in Hydraulic Models”, Coastal engineering, Vol. 3, pp.3169-3182. 1996.
14、 K. B. Atkinson, editor.” Close Range Photogrammetry and Machine Vision.” Whittles Publishing, RoseleighHouse, Latheronwheel, Caithness, Scotland, 1996.
15、 Paul R. Wolf,and Bon A. Dewitt,”Elements of Photogrammetry with application in GIS”,3rd edition,2004.
16、 Rosati, J. D., and Kraus, N. C. “Development of a portable sand trap foruse in the nearshore,.” U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,Tech. Report CERC-89-11, Vicksburg, MS.1989.
17、 Rosati, J. D., Hamilton, D. G., Fowler, J. E.,“Design of a laboratory facility for longshore sediment transport research.” Proc. Coastal Dynamic .95, Gdansk, Poland. American Society of Civil Engineers,771-782.1995.
18、 W. F¨orstner. “On the geometric precision of digital correlation.” Int. Arch.Photogrammetry & RemoteSensing, 24(3):176–189, 1982.