| 研究生: |
曾琬淇 Tseng, Wan-Chi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
旅遊業者對高齡團體套裝旅遊行程規劃之研究 The group package tour design for the elderly: Perspectives from travel agencies |
| 指導教授: |
范聖育
Fan, Sheng-Yu |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 老年學研究所 Institute of Gerontology |
| 論文出版年: | 2015 |
| 畢業學年度: | 103 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 55 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 高齡者 、團體套裝旅遊 、行程規劃 、旅遊業者 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | elders, group package tour, tour design, travel agencies |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:82 下載:0 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
隨著高齡人口增加,以及民眾休閒意識提高,旅遊在高齡者的生活中扮演重要角色。目前探討高齡者旅遊文獻多半著重於旅遊障礙與動機,但缺乏旅遊業者的觀點。本研究之目的為探討旅遊業者對於高齡團體套裝旅遊的執行經驗與規劃考量,以提供未來商品設計與市場發展之建議。
研究對象為有設計高齡旅遊商品或帶領高齡旅遊團經驗之旅遊業者,採取滾雪球抽樣(n = 11)。使用質性研究法,以半結構式深度訪談,訪談大綱包括(1)提供高齡者服務旅遊的經驗與問題,(2)對於高齡旅遊行程規劃的考量,與(3)對於未來高齡旅遊市場的發展與策略。資料分析使用紮根理論進行。
研究結果形成三個核心主題。(1)高齡者旅遊的特性:影響高齡者旅遊的特性有健康功能衰退、心理特質、人口學變項差異與社交。(2)旅遊業者的策略:旅遊業者規劃行程需考量到高齡者健康與功能的退化,並增進帶領者的技能,以滿足高齡者的需求。(3)未來高齡旅遊市場發展:業者發展旅遊商品區隔化,並期待政府協助降低旅遊環境的阻礙。
在高齡旅遊商品規劃時,需要考量高齡者在健康與心理、社會層面的特性,以安全與醫療為優先考量。此外,未來高齡旅遊市場區隔化,旅遊業者依據高齡者興趣、健康、經濟等特性分隔成不同市場,業者依據不同市場發展相應的行程規劃。政府未來可增設無障礙空間,並以政策支持高齡旅遊的推廣。
關鍵字詞:高齡者、團體套裝旅遊、行程規劃、旅遊業者
Most literatures of elder travel focused on constraints, motivations and influences from elders’ perspectives. Few literatures explored elder travel and group package tour from travel agencies’ perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the travel agencies’ considerations about the group package tour design for the elder travelers. The study used snowball sampling and semi-structured interview to collect data. The results formed three themes: the impacts of the characteristics of the elderly on the travel, the strategies of the travel agencies, and the developments toward the future senior market.
keywords: elders, group package tour, tour design travel agencies.
INTRODUCTION
With the increase of the aging population and the importance of leisure activities, traveling plays a significant role for the elderly in the rest of their lives. The literatures about the elder travelers mostly focused on constraints and motivations of travel, however, with the lack of the viewpoints for the travel agencies. Hence, the aims of this study were to investigate the travel agencies’ experiences and perspectives about the group package tour design for the elder travelers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study used snowball sampling and 11 travel agencies with the experience of leading the elderly group package tour were recruited. The study used semi-structured interview to collect data. The interview guidelines included: (1) the experiences and difficulties for designing and leading elderly travel, (2) the specific concerns of group package tour for the elderly travelers, and (3) the developmental strategies toward the future senior tourism market. Data analysis was based on the principles of the grounded theory.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Three themes were identified. (1) The impacts of the characteristics of the elderly on the travel: the deterioration of health and functions, psychological traits, the differences of demographic variables, and social interaction. (2) The strategies of the travel agencies: considering the deterioration of health and functions for tour design, and improving the skills of the travel agencies for satisfying the needs of the elder travelers. (3) The developments toward the future senior market: the travel agencies focused on the segmentations of senior market, and expected that the government reduce the constraints of the travel environments.
CONCLUSION
When conducting the tour design, safety and medicine are the primary concerns. The travel agencies should consider the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the elderly. Furthermore, the future senior market is toward the market segmentation. The travel agencies will segment different market according to the interests, age or other variables of the elder travelers. The travel agencies provide the appropriate tour designs for different travel markets. The government can build more accessible spaces and support the elder travel in policy.
一、 英文文獻
Ahn, Y. J., & Janke, M. C. (2011). Motivations and benefits of the travel experiences of older adults. Educational Gerontology, 37(8), 653-673.
Boyce, C., & Neale, P. (2006). Conducting in-depth interviews: A guide for designing and conducting in-depth interviews for evaluation input (pp. 3-7). Watertown, MA: Pathfinder International.
Bullaro,J.(1977). Leisure,outdoors and travel. In H. M. Ibrahim & F. Martin (Eds.), Leisure: An Introduction (pp. 210-241). Los Alamitos, CA:Hwong Publishers.
Cleaver, M., & Muller, T. E. (2002). I want to pretend I'm eleven years younger: Subjective age and seniors' motives for vacation travel. Social Indicators Research, 60(1-3), 227-241.
De Souto, M. S. (1993). Group travel. New York, NY: Delmar Publishers.
Europe Senior Tourism. (2015, July 7). What is EST?
Retrieved from: http://www.europeseniortourism.eu/en/queesest/
Fleischer, A., & Pizam, A. (2002). Tourism constraints among Israeli seniors. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 106-123.
Fleischer, A., & Seiler, E. (2002). Determinants of vacation travel among Israeli seniors: Theory and evidence. Applied Economics, 34(4), 421-430.
Gibson, H. J. (2002). Busy travelers: Leisure-travel patterns and meanings in later life. World Leisure Journal, 44(2), 11-20.
Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory (Vol. 2). Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
Guinn, B., & Vincent, V. (2003). Activity participation among extended-stay senior travelers. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 27(3-4), 39-51.
Hatch, J. A. (2002). Doing qualitative research in education settings. Albany: State
University of New York Press.
Hawes, D. K. (1988). Travel-related lifestyle profiles of older women. Journal of Travel
Research, 27(2), 22-32.
Horneman, L., Carter, R. W., Wei, S., & Ruys, H. (2002). Profiling the senior traveler: An Australian perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 23-37.
Hsu, C. H. C., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. F. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations: Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262-1273.
Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1980). The social psychology of leisure and recreation. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Kazeminia, A., Del Chiappa, G., & Jafari, J. (2015). Seniors’ travel constraints and their coping strategies. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 80-93.
Lieux, E. M., Weaver, P. A., & McCleary, K. W. (1994). Lodging preferences of the senior tourism market. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 712-728.
Lindqvist, L. J., & Bjork, P. (2000). Perceived safety as an important quality dimension among senior tourists. Tourism Economics, 6(2), 151-158.
Littrell, M. A., Paige, R. C., & Song, K. (2004). Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviors. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(4), 348-362.
Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., & Sedgley, D. (2015). Social tourism and well-being in later life. Annals of Tourism Research, 52, 1-15.
Möller, C., Weiermair, K., & Wintersberger, E. (2007). The changing travel behaviour of Austria’s ageing population and its impact on tourism. Tourism Review, 62(3/4), 15-20.
Middleton, V. T. C. (1994). Marketing in travel and tourism (2nd ed.).UK: Nath Press.
Milman, A. (1998). The impact of tourism and travel experience on senior travelers' psychological well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 166-170.
Morrison, M. A. (1996). Hospitality and travel marketing (No. Ed. 2). New York, NY: Delmar Publishers.
Musa, G., & Sim, O. F. (2010). Travel behavior: A study of older Malaysians. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(2), 177-192.
Nimrod, G. (2008). Retirement and tourism Themes in retirees’ narratives. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4), 859-878.
Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control(9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Roberson, D. N. (1999). The impact of travel on older adults: An exploratory investigation. Tourism, 49, 99-109.
Seidman, I. (1998). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Smith, W. R. (1956). Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies. The Journal of Marketing, 21, 3-8.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of qualitative research (Vol. 15). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Trachsel, A., & Backhaus, N. (2011). Perception and needs of older visitors in the Swiss National Park–a qualitative study of hiking tourists over 55. Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research, 3, 47-50.
United Nations. (2013). World Population prospects, the 2012 revision. New York: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations.
Van Harssel, J. (1994). The senior travel market: distinct, diverse, demanding. In W. F. Theobald (Eds.), Global Tourism: The Next Decade (pp. 363-377). Reading, Oxford: Butterworth-Heineman.
Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Chou, S. H., & Lin, Y. S. (2007). GPTCCC: An instrument for measuring group package tour service. Tourism Management, 28(2), 361-376.
Wang, K. C., Ma, A. P., Hsu, M. T., Jao, P. C., & Lin, C. W. (2013). Seniors' perceptions of service features on outbound group package tours. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1021-1027.
Whitford, M. (1998). Market in motion. Hotel and Motel Management, 213(7), 41-44.
Zimmer, Z., Brayley, R. E., & Searle, M. S. (1995). Whether to go and where to go: Identification of important influences on seniors' decisions to travel. Journal of Travel Research, 33(3), 3-10.
二、 中文文獻
工業技術研究院(2007)。臺灣戰後嬰兒潮世代之銀髮商機探討。臺灣高齡者休閒運動與健康學術研討會發表之論文,屏東縣。
內政部統計處(2011)。十三週內政統計通報99年平均餘命統計結果。取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=5648
交通部觀光局(2001)。觀光政策白皮書。取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/upload/contentfile/auser/b/wpage/forepart/digest.htm
交通部觀光局(2013)。中華民國102年國人旅遊狀況調查報告。取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/market.aspx?no=133
王大明、蔣宛修(2011)。臺灣不同生活型態銀髮族選擇國外旅遊產品之研究。觀光旅遊研究學刊,2,55-72.
文崇一、楊國樞(2000)。訪問調查法-社會及行為科學研究法下冊。臺北市:東華。
王守玉、Windsor, Carol、Yates, Patsy(2012)。簡介紮根理論研究法。護理雜誌,1,91-95。
王熙哲、許惠詅(2012)。銀髮族旅遊服務需求之探索。福祉科技與服務管理學刊,1,107-118。
王慧媚、洪崇彬(2013)。銀髮族休閒旅遊阻礙分析—以彰化市老人會為例。南開學報,9,57-68。
行政院經濟建設委員會(2006)。主要國家因應人口老化社會福利政策之研究。取自http://www.ndc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0012434
余嬪、劉季貞(2011)。銀髮族安康旅遊旅館設施重要性覺知與活動參與興趣之初探-以高雄市銀髮族爲例。戶外遊憩研究,3,49-78。
吳武忠、陳振聲(2004)。臺北市銀髮族休閒阻礙因素之研究-以團體國外旅遊為例。觀光研究學報,3,23-36。
李青松、劉德彥(2011) 銀髮族參與旅遊動機與阻礙之回顧研究。運動休閒餐旅研究,2,30-58。
余聿萱(2008)。利用有機農業發展保健旅遊之願付價格探討(未出版之碩士論文),國立臺北護理學院,臺北市。
林光華(1991)。老年人之生理功能變化。中華民國物理治療學會雜誌,2,103-110。
林淑馨(2010)。質性研究:理論與實務。臺北市:巨流。
林麗惠 (2002)。高齡者參與學習活動與生活滿意度關係之研究(未出版之博士論文)。國立中正大學,嘉義縣。
容繼業(1993)。旅遊業理論與實務。臺北市:揚智。
徐美婷(2012)。以 IPA 探討台灣銀髮族團體套裝旅遊服務品質特性。國立臺中技術學院學報,16,1-21。
倪一豪(2007)。旅行業經營銀髮族旅遊市場關鍵因素之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。私立世新大學,臺北市。
畢恆達(1996)。詮釋學與質性研究。載於胡幼慧(主編),質性研究理論、方法及本土女性研究實例(頁27-45)。臺北市:巨流。
章國威、施志宜、賴學峰(2009)。臺灣銀髮族休閒旅遊研究趨勢探討。真理觀光學報,7,13-49。
曹勝雄(2001)。觀光行銷學。臺北市:揚智。
陳瑞倫(2004)。遊程規劃與成本分析。臺北市:揚智。
陳思儒(2004)。青少年至成年早期喪親之已婚成年人的生活經驗(未出版之碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
陳昺麟 (2001)。社會科學質化研究之紮根理論實施程序及實例之介紹。勤益學報,19,327-342。
陳勁甫、吳劍秋(2005)。旅遊動機和阻礙因素對銀髮族海外旅遊參與意願影響之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。私立南華大學,嘉義縣。
陳建和(2007)。觀光行銷學。臺北市:揚智。
陳美芬、鍾全盛、蔡必焜(2010)。銀髮族的養生認知與旅遊需求之研究。農業推廣文彙,117-126。
陳淑嬌(2013)。高齡產業新商機-以養生住宅為例。臺灣經濟研究月刊,2,112-118。
曾能芳、陳定國(2007)。臺灣銀髮族海外旅遊人次互動關係之研究。中國統計學報,3,299-319。
游清富、蘇淑慧、莊德樑、王天順、李慧玲(2012)。政府施政因應高齡化社會之探討。T&D飛訊,134,1-22。臺北市:國家文官學院。
黃富順(1995)。老人心理與行為模式。成人教育,28,11-17。
黃宗成、黃躍雯、余幸娟(2000)。宗教觀光客旅遊動機,期望,滿意度關係之研究。戶外遊憩研究,3,23-48。
黃郁玲(2009)。中高齡者海外旅遊阻礙階層模式之探究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄大學,高雄市。
黃雅鈴、蕭文高(2010)。銀髮族旅遊行為與市場發展趨勢之初探。第三屆銀向未來2010老人服務事業產學論壇發表之論文,私立朝陽科技大學。
黃榮鵬、蔡憲唐(2002)。銀髮族旅遊消費行為之研究-以北高兩市老人活動中心為例。旅遊管理研究,1,79-100。
游雅涵(2008)。保健旅遊產品屬性偏好之研究─以來台外國旅客健檢旅遊為例(碩士論文)。取自全國碩博士論文網。
游鑑青(2007)。安全、健康的旅遊與銀髮產業結合。台灣老人保健學刊,3,83-89。
楊明賢、劉翠華(2008)。觀光學概論。臺北市:揚智。
劉文禎、陳勁甫、吳劍秋(2005年5月),影響銀髮族海外休閒旅遊參與意願因素之研究。第五屆觀光休閒暨餐旅產業永續經營學術研討會發表之論文,高雄市餐旅學院。
薛堯舜、盧美麗(2011)。台灣樂齡健康旅遊現況之探討。亞洲高齡全人健康及產業發展期刊,1,172-184。
劉玫鳳(2011)。中高齡者消費特性與消費模式之研究-以旅遊為例(碩士論文)。取自華藝線上圖書館。
劉春堂(1998)。高齡化社會之消費問題與對策。行政院消費者保護委員會,臺北。
蔡必昌(2001)。旅遊實務。臺北市:揚智。
蔡宏進(2009)。休閒遊憩概論-社會與人文觀點。臺北市:五南。
蔡孟芬、游豐吉、廖崇凱、蘇惟德、陳育民(2012)。中高齡族群旅遊動機對心理狀況影響之研究。明新學報,2,227-240。
謝春滿(2005)。熟年商機。今周刊,444,60-61。
簡春安、鄒平儀(1998)。社會工作研究法。臺北市:巨流。
簡俊成、方婷婷(2005)。虛擬社群商業化之紮根理論研究。管理評論,3,43-67。
簡筱蓉(2006)。台灣墾丁保健旅遊政策研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄餐旅學院,高雄市。
嚴詩容(2004)。海峽兩岸境外團體套裝旅遊趨勢研究(未出版之碩士論文)。私立文化大學,臺北市。
校內:2020-08-04公開