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研究生：	廖祥凱 Liao, Hsiang-Kai
論文名稱：	TNT：一個透通式雙邊NAT穿透方法 TNT：A Transparent Traversal Method for Connection of Hosts Behind NATs
指導教授：	謝錫堃 Shieh, Ce-Kuen
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	47
中文關鍵詞：	網路位址轉換、NAT穿透、透通式
外文關鍵詞：	NAT Traversal, NAT, Transparent
相關次數：	點閱：109 下載：1
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網路位址轉換(NATs)經由分享相同的公開位址的技術來減緩IPv4不足的問題，並且利用此技術來讓這些應用程式像往常一樣的使用著。然而，由於在NATs的內部主機不能夠與在NATs外部的主機直接地進行連線的特性，因此，NATs被認定有違反網路的相互通訊原則。由於這個特性，也造成在不同NAT內部的主機無法相互的通訊。
這一篇論文，提出一個NAT穿透方法(TNT)，目的是解決NAT所造成的違反特性。TNT可以讓在NAT外部的主機直接地到達NAT內部的主機。而且，允許在不同NATs內部的主機也可以直接地相互通訊連線。TNT既不用修改NATs裝置，也不需要改變應用程式。TNT是在Windows XP SP2下所執行測試的。最後由測試結果得知，TNT方法是可行的，而且所產生的負荷是可以被接受的。

Network Address Translators (NATs) are used to mitigate the problem of IPv4 address depletion through sharing a routable public address with hosts in a transparent way. They make the address sharing transparent to applications and try to keep the applications workable as usual. However, they have been identified to violate the transparency because of the feature that hosts behind NATs are unreachable to the external hosts directly. Due to the feature, they furthermore make communication impossible to hosts behind different NATs.
In the paper, the Transparent NAT Traversal (TNT) is proposed to eliminate the transparency violation in NATs. It makes hosts behind NATs reachable to the external hosts directly. Furthermore, it allows hosts behind different NATs to communicate with each other directly. It neither modifies NATs nor changes applications. It is implemented on the Windows XP SP2 and given some tests. In the tests, it shows high practicability and has acceptable overheads.

摘要	I
ABSTRACT	II
致謝	III
CONTENTS	IV
LIST OF FIGURES	VI
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
Chapter 2 Background and Related Work	4
1 Background	4
1.1 NAT Operation	4
1.2 Types of NAT	5
1.2.1 Full-Cone NAT	6
1.2.2 Restricted Cone NAT	6
1.2.3 Port restricted cone NAT	7
1.2.4 Symmetric NAT	7
2 Related Work	8
2.1 STUNT	8
2.2 NATBLASTER	10
Chapter 3 Transparent NAT Traversal (TNT)	12
1 TNT Overview	12
2 NAT Traversal Approach in TNT	13
3 Outlook on the Operation Stage	15
3.1 Registry Step	15
3.2 DNS Lookup Step	16
4 The Operation of the TNT	17
4.1 Solution of NAT Traversal for TCP mode	18
4.2 Solution of NAT Traversal for UDP mode	20
Chapter 4 System Implementation	23
1 Alternative Implementation for TNT	23
2 TCP Data Transmission Mode– FTP Experiment	25
1.1 Analyzing FTP Operation	25
1.2 FTP Control/ Data Connection	27
2 UDP Data Transmission Mode– VLC Experiment	31
2.1 Analyzing VLC Operation	32
2.2 TCP /UDP part of VLC	33
Chapter 5 Performance	39
1 Configuration	39
2 Performance measurement	41
2.1 TCP three-way handshake measurement	41
2.2 Data transfer time measurement	42
3 Discussion	45
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work	46
References	47
                                    

[1] P. Seizures, M. Holdrege, “IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology
and Considerations”, RFC 2663, Internet Engineering Task Force, August 1999
[2]J. Roskowitz and C. Huitema, and R. Mahy. Internet-Draft: TURN-Traversal using
relay NAT, Feb. 2004. Work in progress.
[3] S. Guha, Y. Takeda, P Francis, “NUTSS: A SIP-based Approach to UDP and TCP
Network Connectivity”, In Proceedings of SIGCOMM’04 Workshops (Portland, OR,
Aug. 2004), p. 43–48.
[4] P. Mockapetris,” DOMAIN NAMES - CONCEPTS AND FACILITIES”, RFC
1034, Internet Engineering Task Force, November 1987.
[5] A. Biggadike, D. Ferullo, G. Wilson, AND A. Perrig, “NATBLASTER:
Establishing TCP connections between hosts behind NATs”. In Proceedings of ACM
SIGCOMM ASIA Workshop, (Beijing, China, Apr. 2005).
[6] Divert Sockets mini-HOWTO, http://www.faqs.org
[7] CuteFTP
[8] LeapFTP: http://www.leapware.com/
[9] VLC: http://www.videolan.org/
[10] Serv-U FTP :http://www.rhinosoft.com/
[11] DummyNet, http://www.freebsd.org

校內：2008-02-13公開
校外：2009-02-13公開

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