本研究旨在利用聲波打到不同濃度之泥水溶液時產生不同反彈訊號強度之原理用以進一步判斷其濃度值。為了將迴響訊號轉換成濃度，本文修正聲波在水中受到的各項衰減影響及還原出正確之濃度數值以判斷全斷面濃度分布情形，進而即可應用訊號-濃度轉換關係式，以觀測靜止沉降之泥水交界面運動速度及濃度變化之過程。
本實驗研究係於濃度均勻且無氣泡影響之循環率定水槽進行ABS（Acoustic Backscatter System）聲學濃度儀之率定實驗，以排除外在因素對聲波訊號造成之干擾。於此使用玻璃珠及高嶺土作為觀測之對照粒子，藉此兩種外型及性質截然不同之粒子進行試驗以歸納出此儀器之濃度探測特性及能力。
由於聲波傳遞過程中會同時受到泥砂及水體造成的衰減，進而影響到濃度轉換的正確性，因此本研究根據儀器之設計理論及由實驗歸納出之衰減特性進行衰減修正，根據實驗數據發現得知粒子特性及傳播過程為兩項重要之衰減影響因素；前者包含粒徑、粒子外型及絮凝特性等，後者則包含了傳播距離、傳播方式及聲波頻率特性。最後基於均勻濃度之情況下各處訊號強度應相同之判斷標準，分析轉換後濃度數據是否符合實際情況來判定率定是否完成。
於ABS儀器率定完成後，衍引黃鈺軒（2009）所做之沉降研究資料，將之轉換為濃度數據並分析得到沉降過程中全斷面濃度之變化情形及交界面下沉速度，為觀測泥砂運動過程提供更簡便且可靠的方法。

The purpose of this thesis is to use the principle of reflective variation in signal intensity of sound backscatter varies with different suspended concentration for measuring the muddy water concentration and in particular the calibration of such acoustic backscatter system. In order to convert the signal into concentration, this study also corrected the signal attenuation which was effected by water and sand and analyzed the distribution of suspension. By using acoustic methodology, we monitor the settling process behavior and concentration of cohesive sediment under quiescent water.
In order to eliminate the externally influential factors, this ABS（Acoustic Backscatter System）calibrating experiment is conducted in a acrylic cylinder, which is a homogenous sediments suspension and no bubbles situation. Moreover, we use glass sphere and kaolinite as typical and really cohesive sediment, respectively, to compare with this two totally different sediment and obtain the property of ABS in concentration detection.
When the sound waves travel, the signals decrease due to sand and water then influence the accuracy of sediments suspension. Therefore, we use the ABS designed theory and the acquired character from experiment to adjust this attenuations. The two main attenuation factors in this experiment are the characteristic of sediment and the process of sound propagation. The former includes the sediment radius, shape and flocculation, while the latter includes the environment, propagation distance and sound frequency. Finally, according the constant of sediments concentration and the signal strength should be the same at arbitrary depth to determine whether the standard of the calibration is accomplished.
After calibrating the ABS and analyzing the data of settling experiment (Huang, 2009), we obtain the concentration distribution and settling velocity. In the study, the ABS provides more convenient and simple method for suspended sediment observation.

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