鋼琴彈奏是一個具備高度技巧及手部協調性的動作表現，鋼琴演奏者經常大量反覆地練習各種指法及彈奏節奏以提升其手指協調性。過去相關研究指出鋼琴演奏者因長期執行手部快速及反覆的動作，易導致肌肉骨骼疾病的產生。然而，目前與鋼琴演奏者手指協調相關之生物力學研究仍然十分缺乏，為了更加了解鋼琴彈奏之傷害機制，探討手指協調及手部生物力學表現是瞭解及避免傷害產生重要的一環。
本研究計畫共分成三個部份，第一部份為建立一套鋼琴力學量測系統，在直立鋼琴上改造十二支琴鍵並嵌入測力計，同時驗證此系統的信度、效度及測量變異度，本系統的效標效度結果指出，所有改造琴鍵的判定係數介於0.993到0.999之間；關於再測信度，所有改造琴鍵的組內相關係數值介於0.82-0.93之間；及測量結果間的變異係數介於5%-24%之間，故此套鋼琴力學量測系統具有高度的信效度，可準確且穩定一致地量測彈奏鋼琴時的手指力量。
第二部分的研究目的為利用鋼琴力學量測系統，探討專業鋼琴演奏者及非專業樂器演奏者在彈奏兩種基本指法之手指力量表現，研究結果顯示兩組受測者在彈奏和弦時，雙手小指的平均彈奏力量達到統計上的顯著差異；關於彈奏力量的變異係數，結果呈現彈奏和弦時雙手的中指與小指，及彈奏八度音時左手的大拇指與小指達到統計上的顯著差異。同時發現，兩組受測者在右手的大拇指無名指捏力值與大拇指小指捏力值達到統計上的顯著差異，以上結果推論鋼琴演奏者在長期的彈奏訓練下小指的力量控制及協調性會提升，及他們擁有比較好的手指控制穩定度。
最後，本研究的第三部份為探討專業鋼琴演奏者在探討手部疲勞後的手指協調能力改變，在所有的指法中，腕關節角度變化值在橈側/尺側偏移的變化量都是最大的，此結果同樣呈現在非慣用手，結果推論在疲勞後，鋼琴演奏者的手腕動作策略會改變。腕關節角度標準差變化在每個指法呈現相同的趨勢，結果發現橈側/尺側偏移與旋前/旋後動作比起屈曲/伸展有較大的值，顯示在疲勞前後所有受測者在這兩個軸向的手腕動作策略會改變且更離散。此外，在平均彈奏指力的結果發現在任務 2、3、5、6、7與8這些彈奏指法，疲勞後的手指彈奏力量皆有顯著下降的狀況產生，其次所有受測者的握力與指力在疲勞後有都有顯著的下降，可推論大量且反覆的鋼琴練習會導致肌肉疲勞，進而影響手部肌肉的緊繃而容易造成相關傷害的產生。
本研究發展一套評估系統以協助臨床人員瞭解鋼琴演奏者之手部傷害的產生，此外，亦可提供鋼琴演奏者瞭解本身的手指力量控制及動作策略，如此可更加有效率的提升鋼琴彈奏之手指協調能力。

Piano playing is a highly skilled and coordinated finger movement. Pianists usually practice a great number of piano exercises over a wide variety of tempi for improving greater finger coordination. Pianists often suffered from musculoskeletal diseases owing to any amount of rapid and repetitive movements of the hand for a long period. However, the finger coordination of pianists with the kinematic and kinetic measures has seldom been studied. The understanding of the pathogenesis of the hand via the investigation based on coordination and biomechanical perspectives is indispensable.
There are three scopes in this study. The first objective is to design and establish a Sensor-Embedded Kinetic Assessment Piano System (SeKAPS) and to conduct the reliability, validity, and variability test of this system. The criterion validity results of this system indicate that all modified key coefficients of determination (R²) range from 0.993 to 0.999. Regarding test-retest reliability, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for all modified keys range from 0.82 to 0.93. Additionally, the coefficients of variation (CV) between measurement results range from 5% to 24%. Therefore, the SeKAPS exhibits high validity and reliability, accurately and consistently measuring finger forces during piano playing.
The second objective is to examine the variations in finger striking force between professional pianists and non-musicians while performing basic piano fingerings. Significant differences were observed in the mean peak force exerted by the right and left little fingers between the two groups during chord playing. Additionally, significant differences were found in the mean CV of the peak force for the right and left middle and little fingers during Chord playing, as well as for the left thumb and little finger during Octave playing. The findings highlight the disparities in force control and consistency between professional pianists and non-musicians. Furthermore, professional pianists exhibited significantly higher pinch forces in ring finger (PTR) and little finger (PTL) of the right hand, reflecting the enhanced muscular development of these fingers due to rigorous piano training.
The third objective is to examine the changes in finger coordination performances among professional pianists following a fatigue protocol. In all fingerings, the angle changes in wrist (ACW) exhibited the greatest variation in the radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) angle, a result that was also observed in the non-dominant hand. This suggests that pianists' wrist movement strategies change after fatigue. The difference of standard deviation in wrist angle (DSD) displayed a consistent trend across all fingerings, with RUD and pronation-supination (PS) movements showing larger values compared to flexion-extension (FE). This indicates that the wrist movement strategies became more varied and dispersed in these two axes before and after fatigue for all participants. Furthermore, significant declines in finger force were observed in tasks 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 post-fatigue. Additionally, all participants exhibited a significant decrease in both grip strength and pinch force following fatigue. These findings suggest that extensive and repetitive piano practice leads to muscle fatigue, which subsequently affects hand muscle tension and may increase the risk of related injuries.
The outcome of this study is to establish an evaluation tool that aids clinicians in gaining a deeper understanding of hand injury occurrences and provides pianists with insights into finger force control and movement strategies to enhance efficient finger coordination.

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