溫室氣體造成全球暖化的問題日趨嚴重，其中CO2之貢獻度最大，因此針對CO2之減量成為減緩全球暖化的主要目標。此外，近年來石油價格不斷攀升亦透露出能源短缺之訊息，尋找替代能源成為另一項注目焦點。本研究模擬以工廠或火力發電廠所排放煙道廢氣以化學吸收塔將CO2轉換成溶解性無機碳(dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC)後，作為微生物行光合作用之碳源來進行CO2減量之研究，進一步研究生成之生質體作為生質能源之潛力。
本研究以耐高溫(40-55°C)、高鹼性(pH 7-12)環境之微生物Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1)作為研究之光合菌種。首先以批次實驗選擇最適之氮源種類(硝酸根和銨根離子)，結果發現TCL-1在以硝酸根作為氮源下有較大的比生長速率(2.5 d-1)，因此做為連續實驗中進流之溶解性無機氮源(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)。本研究在連續式培養方面，以工作體積一升之小型光合反應器、光照10-15 klx、光照時間24 h d-1及溫度50°C，探討TCL-1在不同DIC、DIN、溶解性無機磷源(dissolved inorganic phosphorous, DIP)濃度以及不同稀釋率(dilution rate, D)下之生長狀況、固碳效率以及細胞組成(碳水化合物、脂質、蛋白質)及熱值之變化及產量。
在控制pH = 9.5、進流DIC濃度為9.4 mM及D = 0.06 h-1之條件下，其固碳效率可達79%，相較於未控制pH值時，僅有36%；另外，在不同進流DIC濃度方面，固碳效率皆小於40%。進而降低稀釋率(D = 0.036 h-1)，發現其固碳效率可提昇至50%左右。
在細胞組成方面，TCL-1在進流兩倍濃度之培養基時，細胞脂質含量可達約30%，因此，可得到較高之脂質產量約為513 mg L-1 d-1，且由脂肪酸種類分析可知，對發展生質柴油較有利。而在進流低氮濃度條件中，可發現TCL-1的碳水化合物含量確實有明顯之增加。另外，當進流DIN濃度由一較高值條件降低至一極低濃度之條件，其碳水化合物之含量尤其有明顯之增加，如：當進流DIN濃度由11.6 mM變成0.7 mM時，其碳水化合物含量由20%增加至53%。相反地，當進流DIN濃度由一極低值增加至一較高濃度時，其碳攝取率與細胞產量皆有明顯增加，如：DIN濃度由0.7 mM變成2.9 mM時，其細胞產量可由383增加至2,557 mg L-1d-1。因此，這樣突躍式的操作，應有助於固碳效率及生質燃料前驅物質的產生。另外，TCL-1在不同條件培養下之熱值約介於5,000-5,500 kcal kg-1，並無明顯之差異。在細胞金屬含量方面可發現，在進流兩倍培養基與低氮濃度之條件下，其Fe、Mg、及Ca之含量有顯著增加。
在各條件培養下之細胞組成回收率方面，計算脂質、碳水化合物及蛋白質之總含量，皆約為60-80%。若以氮含量推估其蛋白質含量，則回收率可提升至100%左右。推測溼式化學法推估可能低估蛋白質含量，可能係細胞水解不完全造成染劑無法與蛋白質完全螯合所造成。

Some studies indicated photosynthetic microorganisms have higher photosynthetic efficiencies than plants and can produce more lipid or carbohydrate under N-limitation, hence can be a candidate to reduce global warming and produce bio-erengy. In this study, dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC), prepared with carbonate and bicarbonate, was used as C source of photosynthetic microorganism to simulate DIC absorbed from flue gas in a scrubber. The scrubber solution from flue gas is hot and alkaline, hence a cyanobacterial strain, Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1), can grow well under alkaline (pH 7-12) and thermal conditions (40-55°C), was choiced as the candidate in this study.
Two types of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) were used (nitrate and ammonia) for comparison on growth rate and cell production of TCL-1 in a batch culture. The result shows that nitrate as N source have a higher specific growth rate (2.5 d-1) and maximal cell mass, the continuous culture of TCL-1 with nitrate as N source in an 1L photo-bioreactor was carried out at 50°C and light intensity of 10-15 klx. The operating parameters were influent DIC concentration, DIN concentration, dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) concentration, medium nutrients concentration and dilution rate.
With respect to the C-uptake at 0.06 h-1 of dilution rate, the highest efficiency at 9.4 mM DIC is 79% at pH 9.5 and much higher than that of uncontrolled pH test (36%). Regarding various influent DIC concentrations, the C-uptake efficiencies are all lower than 40%. However, the efficiency increases to 50% as the dilution rate decreases from 0.06 to 0.036 h-1.
The maximal lipid content and cell production of TCL-1 are about 30 % and 513 mg L-1 d-1 at two-fold influent medium concentration respectively, hence the cultivation under this condition has a great potential to produce biodiesel. Regarding the N-limitation, the carbohydrate content increases significantly as influent DIN concentration is operated from the control to extreme low case. For instance, carbohydrate content increases from 20 to 53% as DIN concentration decreases from 11.6 to 0.7 mM. Additionally, C-uptake efficiency and cell production increases obveriously as the DIN concentration increases from extreme low to higher one. For example, cell production increases from 383 to 2,557 mg L-1 d-1 as the DIN concentration increases from 0.7 to 2.9 mM at influent DIC concentration of 113.2 mM. Consequently, the “shock” operation for TCL-1 seems to be benefit on carbon bio-fixation and bio-fuel precursors production.
The recoveries of cellular components which were analyzed by wet chemistry methods are between 60% and 80% in the present study. However, the recoveries are all about 100% when we estimated the protein content by N content of cell. We suppose TCL-1 can not be completely hydrolyzed by wet chemistry method, hence lower recovery of protein is obtained.
The calorific value of all cases ranges between 5,000 and 5,500 kcal kg-1 in this study. Additionally, the contents of Fe, Mg and Ca under two-fold medium concentration and N-limitation cases are much higher than others.

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