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研究生：	陳安妮 Azra Naimi Binti Ismadi
論文名稱：	以未來思考角度探討如何透過開發一個社群平台來提供女性自行車騎士永續性的自行車生活風格 Developing a Community Platform for Women Cyclists towards a Sustainable Cycling Lifestyle: A Futures Thinking Approach
指導教授：	楊佳翰 Yang, Chia-Han 劉世南 Liou, Shyh-Nan
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所 Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年：	2022
畢業學年度：	110
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	243
中文關鍵詞：	性別、社群、平台、自行車、可持續生活方式
外文關鍵詞：	Gender, Community, Platforms, Cycling, Sustainable lifestyles
相關次數：	點閱：160 下載：14
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有鑑於與女性自行車手為相對少數的群體，此研究旨在探討單車女騎士的動機以及他們的需求與所面臨到的挑戰，將結果用於設計此群體的社群平台。此研究運用設計思考與未來思考的視角，借助多層次因果分析與未來三角理論來探討女性對於平台的喜好，縮短女性與自行車的距離。透過與女性自行車手的深度訪談，了解他們對於此社群平台的偏好與期待，以及他們對於設計過程的想法，目的是要創造與女性自行車手的連結。研究結果顯示，分享女性單車經驗的人數有限，女性自行車手希望與彼此產生連結，其主要原因為獲取並精進單車技能與知識。本研究設計一款線上應用程式，讓女性自行車手能夠發起並參與彼此的單車行程，並能夠在其中的論壇討論相關的技巧與知識，為擁有相同理念與目標的女性自行車手創造良好的連結。

Cycling is a zero-carbon mode of transportation, and therefore a sustainable mode of transportation that could be adopted by citizens towards a more sustainable lifestyle. However, women cyclists cycle at lower rates as compared to men. Therefore, this study investigated women cyclists’ motivations, challenges and needs to inform the design of a community platform created for women cyclists intended to make cycling more accessible and increase cycling rates among women. Utilising a Design Thinking approach and Futures Thinking tools inclusive of Futures Triangle and Causal Layered Analysis, women’s preferences for a platform to connect women cyclists was explored to empower them through making cycling more accessible for women. In-depth interviews with fourteen (14) women cyclists integrated their worldviews in the design phases with a goal of achieving their desired futures for women cyclists. The findings of this study suggest that women cyclists desire to connect through sharing experiences and stories related to cycling as a gender minority, and through product-oriented discussions to improve their bicycle knowledge and skills. Ultimately, the platform design took the form of an online application that allowed its’ users to organise and participate in bicycle group rides with other women cyclists who share a similar cycling identity and goals, in addition to a forum for discussions on relevant cycling topics for women cyclists. A lo-fi paper prototype of this application was developed and one iteration of user-testing was completed in this study.

Abstract	i
中文摘要	ii
Table of Contents	iii
List of Tables	x
List of Figures	xi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION	1
1 Research Background	1
1.1 Could cycling be the solution to achieve national Sustainable Development Goals?	1
1.2 Cycling as a sport in Taiwan	1
1.3 Gender disparities in cycling	2
1.4 Utilising Futures Thinking and a participatory approach to solve the gender-disparity issue	2
2 Research Motivation	3
2.1 Personal Motivation	3
2.2 Industrial Motivation	3
2.3 Creative Industries Design (ICID) Motivation	4
3 Research Aim, Objectives & Questions	5
3.1 Research Aim	5
3.2 Research Objectives	5
3.3 Research Questions	5
4 Key Terminology	6
4.1 Community Platform	6
4.2 Sustainable Cycling Lifestyle	6
4.3 Futures Thinking	7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW	8
1 Futures thinking as a tool	8
1.1 Introduction to Futures Thinking	8
1.1.1 Introduction to causal layered analysis (CLA)	9
1.1.2 Introduction to futures triangle (FT)	10
1.2 Supporting evidence for Futures Thinking tools in achieving sustainable outcomes	10
2 Platforms for Sustainability	13
2.1 Platforms as frameworks for collaborative efforts	13
2.1.1 What are platforms and why are they important?	13
2.1.2 Characteristics of a good platform	13
2.2 Sustainable living in collaboration: Cycling as a lifestyle	14
2.2.1 Cycling isn’t just about infrastructure, it’s about tools and awareness too	14
2.2.2 Existing digital tools for cycling: What is missing?	15
2.2.3 Important characteristics for successful digital platforms: What should be considered?	15
3 The Bicycle: A lifestyle and symbol of culture	17
3.1 Cycling as a lifestyle	17
3.1.1 Reaping rewards: Zero-carbon footprints, social distancing, and healthy living	17
3.1.2 The bicycle and individual meanings: Beyond a transportation tool	18
3.1.3 Relationship between cycling and built environments	18
3.2 Cycling across Cultures	19
3.2.1 A brief history of the bicycle: Significance of women and the bicycle	19
3.2.2 Relationships between personal possessions and cultural values	19
3.3 Women Cyclists: Why are the numbers lower?	21
3.3.1 Women Cyclists across the globe	21
3.3.2 Women cyclists for women: Through the lens of feminism	22
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS	24
1 Research Design	24
2 Research Methods	26
2.1 In-depth, semi-structured interviews with futures triangle	27
2.2 Design Thinking for Platform Development	28
3 Data Collection	28
3.1 Population	29
3.2 Eligibility	29
3.3 Sampling Procedure	29
3.4 Participant Demographics	30
3.5 Interview Structure	35
3.6 Data Collection Instrument	37
3.7 Data Collection Instrument Development	38
3.8 Ethical Considerations	41
4 Data Analysis	41
5 Research Timeline	42
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS	45
1 Introduction	45
2 What are the motivations for women to cycle?	45
2.1 Nature of the bicycle	46
2.1.1 Reliable and accessible mode of transport	46
2.2 Embarking on adventures	47
2.2.1 Exploration	47
2.2.2  Escapism	48
2.2.3  Freedom	49
2.3 Holistic health	49
2.3.1 Mental health	49
2.3.2 Self-discovery	50
2.3.3 Socialising	50
3 What are the challenges faced by women cyclists?	51
3.1 Lack of institutional support	51
3.1.1 Bicycle organisations	51
3.1.2 Poor treatment from other road users	52
3.2 Lack of social support	53
4 How do women cyclists connect with other women cyclists?	54
4.1 Offline cycling groups	54
4.2 Online cycling groups	54
5 What is the level of desirability for a platform aimed at women cyclists towards a sustainable cycling lifestyle?	55
5.1 Women cyclists want a platform	55
6 What would a platform aimed at women cyclists towards a sustainable cycling lifestyle look like?	56
6.1 Products	56
6.2 Events	56
6.3 Women-specific discourse	57
7 Interview Findings mapped against the Futures Triangle	58
7.1 Pulls of the future	58
7.1.1 Positive perceptions	59
7.1.2 Equal Gender Representation	59
7.1.3 Supportive Infrastructure	59
7.2 Weights of the past	60
7.2.1 Lack of Initiatives and Policies	60
7.2.2 Immature Cycling Culture	60
7.3 Push of the present	61
7.3.1 Organisational Shifts	61
7.3.2 Pandemic Cyclists	61
7.3.3 Bikes on Social Media	62
8 Interview Findings analysed with Causal-Layered Analysis	62
8.1 Litany Level	62
8.2 System Level	63
8.3 Worldview Level	63
8.4 Metaphor Level	64
9 User Personas	65
9.1 Persona 1: Maria	66
9.2 Persona 2: Ina	67
9.3 Persona 3: Noor	68
9.4 Persona 4: Rain	69
10 Four Initial Cyclist Personas Feedback	69
11 Revised Main Buyer Persona	70
12 WeCycle Lo-Fi Prototype	70
12.1 Purpose of App	70
12.2 Core Functionalities	71
12.3 User Testing Feedback from Women Cyclists	72
12.3.1 What is your immediate reaction?	73
12.3.2 Is there anything confusing?	73
12.3.3 What other functions would you like to see on this platform?	73
12.3.4 Is there anything you would like to remove?	74
12.3.5 Is there anything you would like to add?	74
12.3.6 What are the things you appreciate about this app?	75
13 Platform functionality insights generated through Futures Thinking for Women Cyclists	77
13.1 WeCycle Design Features	77
13.1.1 Rides of the Day	78
13.1.2 Talk of the Day	78
13.1.3 Bike Education	79
13.1.4 Women’s Cycling Lifestyle	79
14 Customer Journey: A Day in the Life	80
14.1 A Day in the Life of a WeCycle Customer Working In-Office	81
15 WeCycle App User Storyboards	82

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION	86
1 Introduction	86
2 Key Findings	86
3 Summary of Results	86
4 Main motivations	87
4.1 Between alone time and finding the right cycling partner	87
4.2 A form of identity and true self-expression	87
4.3 Sustainability and zero-carbon transport	88
4.4 Time control and evading environmental stressors	88
4.5 Breaking stereotypes and gender-role expectations	89
5 Challenges	89
5.1 Discontinuous public transportation systems and lack of bicycle infrastructure	89
5.2 Finding a place as a woman cyclist on the road	90
5.3 Western Vs Eastern challenges as a woman cyclist	91
5.4 Redefining beauty standards and gender-roles for women cyclists	91
5.5 Under-representation of women in the bicycle industry	92
5.6 Lack of confidence in bicycle knowledge	92
5.7 Barriers to taking up utilitarian cycling	93
5.8 Finding a compatible bicycle ride partner or group	93
6 Relationship maintenance with other cyclists	94
6.1 Social media: Curating online accounts for individual cycling expressions	94
6.2 Local Bicycle Shops and Bike Ride Organisers	95
7 Desirability for Platform by Women Cyclists towards a Sustainable Cycling Lifestyle	96
7.1 From the perspective of city-dwellers and solo riders	96
7.2 Yet another application?	96
7.3 On tackling lesser women cyclists and lesser opportunities	96
8 Platform Preferences for a Sustainable Cycling Lifestyle by Women Cyclists	97
8.1 Women cycling product-oriented discussions	97
8.2 Group-ride event organising	97
8.3 Gender-specific discourses: A safe space	98
9 Implications of Study	98
9.1 Practical Implications	98
9.1.1 Public Health and Mental Health Practitioners	98
9.1.2 Bicycle Retail Stores and Bicycle Equipment Manufacturers	99
9.1.3 Transportation and Urban Planners	99
9.2 Theoretical Implications	100
9.2.1 Futures Thinking Tools	100
9.2.2 Futures Thinking and Double-Diamond Design Thinking	101
10 Limitations of Study	101
11 Recommendations for Future Studies	102

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION	103

REFERENCES	104

APPENDIX A	112
Winnie Interview Transcript	112
APPENDIX B	124
Anna Interview Transcript	124
APPENDIX C	146
Bailey Interview Transcript	146
APPENDIX D	153
Fawn Interview Transcript	153
APPENDIX E	175
Eva Interview Transcript	175
APPENDIX F	181
Jackie Interview Transcript	181
APPENDIX G	188
Mica Interview Transcript	188
APPENDIX H	195
Nat Interview Transcript	195
APPENDIX I	203
Penny Interview Transcript	203
APPENDIX J	209
Red Interview Transcript	209
APPENDIX K	217
Ruby Interview Transcript	217
APPENDIX L	223
Sia Interview Transcript  223
APPENDIX M  233
Skye Interview Transcript	233
APPENDIX N  242
Interview Questions	242
                                    

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