近三十年的全球化經濟的演進，知識已成為除四大經濟要素外，在完全競爭環境，企業獲利甚至存活不可或缺的關鍵因素，尤其在2008年9月15日以後的經濟環境丕變，金融海嘯發生初始，來自企業執行面的聲音，認為防範金融與企業的危機，有學問無用論的偏頗意見，本研究針對知識管理的實踐與運用的過程研究中，以策略性知識學習系統，如何不耗費鉅額失敗經驗值，而獲取企業或是組織的學習知覺效果，進而使組織內決策與執行層級，充分運用可貴的知識資本。
本研究利用內部與外部環境中的競爭環境、寬裕資源、組織文化、知識特性等構面，再利用組織行為中，知識策略與組織學習兩大策略形成之研究，使企業或組織演化成內部系統的建立，便稱為內建型態的知識架構，輔以知識基礎觀點(KBV)的驗證與延伸，本研究使用SPSS軟體為方法，所涉及的研究所課程涵蓋策略管理、人力資源、管理經濟、組織行為等範疇。

With the evolution of economic globalization for the past thirty years, knowledge, besides the four economic factors, has become the necessary key point for enterprises to make profits even to survive in the totally competitive environment.
Especially after the giant economic change on 2008.09.15, the beginning of financial crisis, professional enterprises executants considered it the bias that it’s no use to prevent enterprises’ financial crisis with knowledge.
This research focuses on the process of execution and usage of knowledge management. By strategic knowledge learning system, enterprises or organizations learn perception effects without failure experience at the cost of huge damage. Further, the policy makers and execution leaders could make use of precious capital of knowledge adequately.
The research, in the aspects of inside and outside the competitive environment, efficient resources, organization culture and knowledge characteristics, is applied with two strategic research of knowledge strategy and organization learning in organization behavior, to build the internal system for enterprises or organizations, the so-called built-in status knowledge frame. Along with knowledge based view (KBV) evidence and extension, the research contains the courses in the graduate school, such as strategic management, human resource, management economic, and organization behavior, etc by the method of SPSS software.

一、中文文獻
1. 文崇一(1987)，「報的迭替流變」。張老師月刊編輯部(編)《中國人的世間遊戲-人情與世故》，台北：張老師出版社，頁14-19。
2. 古永嘉(1996)，《企業研究方法》，第五版，華泰書局出版。
3. 司徒達賢(1995)，《資源基礎理論與企業競爭優勢關係之探討》，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。
4. 司徒達賢(1998)，策略管理，初版，台北：遠流。
5. 江呈欣（1997），「大陸科研院所技術移轉模式之研究－資源基礎觀點」，中山大學大陸研究所碩士論文。
6. 李仁芳(1994)，《企業如何掌握競爭優勢-競爭策略的組織基礎》，世界經理文摘，第89期，第48-63頁。
7. 吳思華(1996)，《策略九說》，台北：麥田出版社。
8. 吳明隆(2003)，《SPSS統計應用實務》，第二版，文魁資訊股份有限公司出版。
9. 林昕怡(1999)，”技術移轉決策模式之構建-應用歸納決策樹”，成功大學工業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
10. 林鴻達（1996）擇偶可能性模型之建立與應用。基督書院學報，5（3），101－117。
11. 陳忠仁&賴秋燕(2004)，「事業網路對競爭策略、核心能力與創新績效關係之調和影響–資源基礎觀點」，台灣管理學刊，第四卷，第三期，頁次313-334。
12. 陳易聰(2003)，「台灣的國家機關與軟體產業發展關係之研究」，國立中山大學政治學研究所碩士論文，高雄。
13. 金偉燦(Kim, W. Chan)、莫伯尼(Mauborgne, Renee)（2005），黃秀媛譯，《藍海策略:開創無人競爭的全新市場(Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevent)》，台北：天下遠見。
14. 金耀基(1980)，「人際關係中人情之分析（初探）」，《國際漢學會議論文集》。台北：中央研究院。
15. 黃光國(1988)，「人情與面子：中國人的權力遊戲」，見黃光國（主編）《中國人的權力遊戲》，台北：巨流圖書公司，頁7-55。
16. 黃德舜（1998），《企業財務分析-企業價值的創造及評估》，台北：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
17. 馮晉嘉(2000)，”臺灣醫療器材產業技術移轉績效之研究”，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
18. 張仲尼(2003)，組織知識需求、學習策略，與知識管理系統之相關研究，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所，未出版博士論文。
19. 張家維(2003)，資訊服務業區位選擇之研究，資策會MIC 經濟部ITIS 計畫。
20. 張紹勳(2003)，「研究方法」，修訂版，滄海書局出版。
21. 雷德耀(2007)，供應鏈關係品質、績效與競爭環境關係之研究-以台灣製造業為例，中央大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
22. 賴承郁(2006)，「台灣資訊軟體產業之資源基礎、價值創造與顧客再購意願之研究」， 逢甲大學經營管理研究所碩士論文，台中。
23. 賴宜美（2000），「技術移轉與組織學習之研究─以中華汽車為例」，國立政治大學企業管理學系未出版碩士論文。
24. 蕭亞男(1999)，零售業技術移轉績效影響因素之研究－以百貨公司為例，國立成功大學國際企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
25. 藍紫堂(2000)，知識管理系統建構之個案研究，國立中山大學企業管理學系研究所未出版之碩士論文。

二、英文文獻
1. Alavi, M., and Leidner, D. E(1999). “Knowledge Management Systems: Issues, Challenges and Benefits,” Communication of AIS (1:7), pp. 1-37.
2. Alavi, M., and Leidner, D. E(2001). “Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues,” MIS Quarterly (25:1), pp. 107-136.
3. Andrews, K. R. (1971), “The concept of corporate strategy,” Homewood, Ill: Dow Jones-Irwin.
4. Anderson, E. and Weitz, B. (1989), “Determinants of Continuity in ConventionalIndustrial Channel Dyads,” Marketing Science, Vol. 8(4), pp. 310-323.
5. Anderson, E. and Weitz, B. (1992), “The Use Of Pledges To Build And SustainCommitment In Distribution Channels,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 29,pp.18–34.
6. Argote, L., Ingram, P., Levine, J. & Moreland, R. (2000). Knowledge transfer in organizations: learning from the experience of others,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82(1), 1-8.
7. Armstrong, G. and P. Kotler (2000), “Marketing: An Introduction,” 5th ed., NewJersey: Prentice Hall.
8. Ashby, Ross. (1956). An introduction to cybernetics. Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASHBBOOK.html
9. Badaracco, J.(1991). The Knowledge Link: How Firms Compete through strategic Alliances, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School.
10. Bagozzi, Richard P. (1995), “Reflections on Relationship Marketing in ConsumerMarkets, “The Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23(Fall), pp.272-277.
11. Barney, J. B. (1986), “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck and Business Strategy,” Management Science, Vol. 42, pp.1231-1241.
12. Barney, J. B. (1991), “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17, pp.99-120.
13. Becker, H. S. (1960), “Notes on the Concept of Commitment,” American Journal ofSociology, Vol. 66(3), pp.32-42.
14. Berry, Leonard L. (1983), “Relationship Marketing in Emerging Perspectives onServices Marketing, ” L. Berry, G. L. Shostack, and G. D. Upah, eds. Chicago：Ameri- can Marketing Association, pp.25-28.
15. Berry, Leonard L. (1991), “Marketing Services,”. New York: The Free Press.
16. Berry, L. L., and Thompson, T. (1982), “Relationship Banking: The Art of Turning Customers into Clients,” Journal of Retail Banking, Vol. 4(2), pp. 64-73.
17. Berry, Leonard. L. (1996), “Retailers With a Future,” Marketing Management, Vol. 5,pp.39-46.
18. Bettis, R. & Hitt, M.(1995). The new competitive landscape. Strategic Management Journal, 16: 7-20
19. Bharadwaj, S. G., Varadarajan, P. and Fahy, J.(1993), “Sustainable CompetitiveAdvantage in Service Industries: A Conceptual Model and Research Propositions,”Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57(Oct), pp. 83-99.
20. Black, J. A. and Boa K. B. (1994), “Strategic resources: traits, configurations and sustainable competitive advantage,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, Sum, pp.131-148.
21. Bitner, Mary Jo. (1995), “Building Service Relationships: It’s all about Promises,”Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23 (Fall), pp.246-251.
22. Boulton, R. E. S., Barry D .L., and Steve M .S.(2000), “Cracking The Value Code,” New York: Arthur Andersen.
23. Bromiley, P.(1991). Testing a causal model of corporate risk taking and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 34(1):37-59.
24. Calantone, R. J., Schmidt, J. B. and Benedetto, C. A(1997). New product activities and performance: The moderating role of environmental hostility. Journal of Product Innovation Management 14(3):179-189.
25. Chandler, M. J. (1977). Social cognition: A selective review of current research. In W. F. Overton & J. M. Gallagher (Eds.), Knowledge and development, Vol. 1, New York: Plenum.
26. Chandler, A. D. (1992), “Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 6 (3), pp.79-100.
27. Chien, S. (1999), “The External Contingency and Internal Characteristic ofRelationship Marketing：In Pursuit of a Structural Explanation,”行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
28. Chien, Charles S. and Moutinho, Luiz (2000), “The External Contingency andInternal Characteristic of Relationship Marketing,” Journal of Marketing Manageme- nt, Vol. 16, pp.583-595.
29. Chien, Charles S. and Moutinho, Luiz (2004), “Beyond Relationship Marketing,” Marketing Mind Prints, edited by Philip J. Kitchen, Palgrave Macmilian,New York.
30. Cutler,W.G. (1989), "A survey of high-technology transfer proactice in Japan and the United State ", Interfaces,19(6),pp.67-77.
31. Cyert, R. M., J. G. March. (1963/1992). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
32. Das, A., R. B. Handfield, R. J. Calantone, and S. Ghosh(2000), “A Contingent View of Quality Management—the Impact of International Competition on Quality,” Decision Sciences 31,649–690.
33. Davenport, T. H.(1997),“Ten Principles of Knowledge Management and Four Case Studies,” Knowledge and Process Management, 4(3),187-208
34. Dixon, R.M.W.(1980). The Languages of Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Drucker, P. F. (1998) Peter Drucker on the profession of management. Boston: A Harvard Business Review Book.
36. Eisenhardt, K. M. and Santos, F. M. (2002), “Knowledge-Based View: A new Theory of Strategy?”, Handbook of Strategy and management, London, SAGE Publications.
37. Fahey, L and L Prusak (1998). The Eleven Deadliest Sins of Knowledge Management. California Management Review, Vol. 40 (3), pp. 265-276.
38. Fein, Adam J. and Eric Anderson(1997), “Patterns of Credible Commitments: Territory and Brand Selectivity in Industrial Distribution Channel”,Journal of Marketing, (61(2)), pp.19-34.
39. Gatignon H(1984). Competition as a moderator of effect of advertising on sales. J Mark Res (December);21:387±98.
40. Geiger, S.W. and Cashen, L.H. (2002) “A Multidimensional Examination of Slack and Its Impact on Innovation”, Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 14, No.1, pp. 68-54.
41. Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(Winter Special Issue), 109-122.
42. Grewal, R., & Tansuhaj, P. (2001). Building organizational capabilities for managing economic crisis: The role of market orientation and strategic flexibility. Journal of Marketing, 65, 67–80.
43. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E.W.T. and Cheng(2007), T.C.E., “Developing an E-Logistics System: A Case Study”, International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, Vol. 10, No. 4, 333-349.
44. Guimaraes, T., Cook, D., & Natarajan, N. (2002). Exploring the importance of business clockspeed as a moderator for determinants of supplier network performance. Decision Sciences. 33, 4, Fall, 629.
45. Gulati, R., N. Nohria, & A. Zaheer(2000), Strategic networks, Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203-215.
46. Hambrick, D. and and C. Snow.(1977). "A Conceptual Model of Strategic Decision Making." Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings: 109-112.
47. Hitt, M. and Ireland, R.D., “Corporate distinctive competence, strategy, strategy, industry, and performance,” Strategic. Management. J., 1995, pp.273–293.
48. Huber, G. P. “Transfer of Knowledge in Knowledge Management Systems: Unexplored Issues and Suggested Studies,” European Journal of Information Systems (10), 2001, pp. 72-79.
49. Inkpen,A.C.&Dinur.A.(1998),“Knowledge Management Process and International Joint Venture.”, Organization Science,19(4),pp.454-468.
50. Jaworski, Bernard J. and Kohli, Ajay K. (1993). Market Orientation: Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Marketing 57:53–70 (July).
51. Kamin, J.Y. and J. Ronen. 1978. The smoothing of income numbers: Some empirical evidence on systematic differences among management-controlled and owner-controlled firms. Accounting, Organization and Society 3(2): 141-157.
52. Kumar, K., Subramanian, R., & Yauger, C. (1998) “Examining the Market Orientation – Performance Relationship: A Context – Specific Study.” Journal of Management, 24(2): 201-220.
53. Kwaku, Appiah-Adu(1997), “Market Orientation and Performance: Do the Findings Established in Large Firms Hold in the Small Business Sector?” Journal of Euro – Marketing, Vol. 63(1), 1-26.
54. Leonard-Barton,D.&Sinha,D.K.(1995),”Develop-user Interation an User Satisfaction in Internal Technology Transfer.”,Academy of Management Journal,36(5),pp.1125-1139.
55. Li, Tiger and Calantone, Roger J.(1998),“The Impact of Market Knowledge Competence on New Product Advantage,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.62, No.4, pp.13-29.
56. Madu, N. C. (1989). Transferring Technology to Developing Countries-Critical Factors for Success, Long Range Planning, 42-63.
57. Mangematin, V.; Nesta, L., (1999) "What Kind of Knowledge Can A Firm Absorb?", International Journal of Technology Management, special issue on knowledge, 37 /3,4, pp. 149-172.
58. Maryam A. and Dorothy E. L. (2001) “Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and research Issues,” MIS Quarterly (25:1), 107-136.
59. Miller, D(1987) “The structural and environmental correlates of business strategy.”, Strategic Management Journal vol 8, No.1, P.55-76
60. Moorman, C. and A. S. Miner (1998). "Organizational improvisation and organizational memory." Academy of Management Review 23(4): 698, 26p.
61. Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment – trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.
62. Moses, I. (1990) “Teaching, Research and Scholarship in Different Disciplines”, Higher Education, Vol.19, pp.351-375.
63. Mowery, D. C., Oxley, J. E. & Silverman, B. S. (1996), “Strategic Alliances and Interfirm Knowledge Transfer”, Strategic Management Journal, 17: 77-91.
64. Negandhi, A.R., and Reimann, B. (1972),“A contingency theory of organization re-examination in the context of a developing country”, Academy of Management Journal, 15, 137-146.
65. Nohria, N. and Gulati, R. (1996) “Is Slack Good or Bad for Innovation”, Academy of Management Journal, 39: 1245-1264
66. Nonaka, I., Reinmoller, P. and Toyoama, R. (2001). Integrated information technology systems for knowledge creation, in Dierkes, M., Antal, A. B., Child, J. and Nonaka, I. ed., Handbook of Organizational Learning & Knowledge, New York: Oxford University Press, 827-846.
67. Ounjian, M. L., and Carne, E. B.(1987),“ A Study of Factors Which Affect Technology Transfer in a Multilocation Multibusiness Unit Corporation,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol.34, No.3, pp.194-201.
68. Penrose, E. T. (1959). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York: John Wiley
69. Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. Gloucester, MA. Peter Smith.
70. Prahalad, C. K. & G. Hamel (1990). “The Core Competence of Corporation”.Harvard Business Review, 68(3): 79-91.
71. Reed, R., & Defillippi, R. J. (1990). Causal ambiguity, barriers to imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 15, 88-102.
72. Reichheld, F.F. and Sasser, W.E. Jr (1990), ``Zero defections: quality comes to services', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, September-October, pp. 105-111.
73. Reilly,D.J.(1988),”Technology transfer：successful only if process is managed.”, Manufacturing System,6(4),pp.62-64.
74. Schoemaker, P. J. H.(1992), "How To Link Strategic Vision to Core Capabilities," Sloan Management Review, Vol. 34 (1), pp. 67-81.
75. Schulz, M. and Jobe, L.A. (2001), “Codification and tacitness as knowledge management strategies”, Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12, pp.139-165.
76. Shenkar, O., & Li, J. T.(1999). Knowledge search in international cooperative ventures. Organization Science, 10(2): 134–143.
77. Shin, M., Holden, T. & Schmidt, R. A.(2001). From knowledge theory to management practice: towards an integrated approach. Information Processing & Management, 37, 335-355.
78. Simonin,B.L.,(1999),”Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances.”, Strategic management journal,(20),pp.595-623.
79. Slater, S. F. and Narver, J. C(1994). Does competitive environment moderate the market orientation-performance relationship? Journal of Marketing 58(1):46-55.
80. Steensma, H., & Corley, K.(2001). On the performance of technology sourcing partnerships: The interaction between partner interdependence and technology attributes. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 1045-1067.
81. Teece, D. J. (1998). Capturing value from knowledge assets: The new economy, markets for know-how, and intangible assets, California Management Review, 40(3), 55-79.
82. Thurow , Lester C.(1999), Building Wealth—The New Rules for Individuals, Companies and Nations in a Knowledge-Based Economy, Andrew Hurnberg Associates Ltd.
83. Von Krogh, G. (1998). “Care in Knowledge Creation”, California Management Review, 40(3): 133-153
84. Vance, D.(1997). Information knowledge and wisdom: the epistemic hierarchy and computer-based information systems. Paper presented at the Third America’s Conference on Information Systems, Indiana: Indianapolis.
85. Wernerfelt, B.（1989）, “From Critical Resources to Corporate Strategy,” Journal of General Management, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 4-12.
Zander,U.& Kought,B.(1995),”Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and Limitation of Organizational capabilities: An empirical Test.”, Organizational Science,6(1),pp.76-92.