隨著科技的進步，水下考古活動日益發達，但對水下文化遺產具有威脅的活動也隨之伴隨而來。因此開始有相關的國際法產生，像是較早期的「1956年聯合國教科文組織關於適用於考古挖掘國際原則的建議書」，以及有海洋憲法之稱的「1982年聯合國海洋法公約」，但是這些國際法沒有辦法有效地解決水下文化遺產保護的問題。因此於2001年11月2日，第31屆聯合國教科文組織大會通過了「2001年聯合國教科文組織水下文化遺產保護公約」，並於2009年1月2日正式生效。該公約的締約國正為如何施行這高度複雜的保護工作而努力。然而該公約仍有許多具有爭議的地方，像是該公約與「1982年聯合國海公約」之間的適用關係、此公約對於沉沒軍艦的規定、位於專屬經濟海域或大陸礁層水下文化遺產管轄權的問題等。
本論文先探討水下文化遺產本身的定義與及所擁有的價值與重要性。再來分析「聯合國海洋法公約」以及「2001年聯合國水下文化遺產保護公約」對水下文化遺產所做出的努力，包括其如何分配各海域水下文化遺產管轄權，以及這兩個公約之間的關係等。希望藉由此論文來為水下文化遺產的保護付出一份心力。

The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, adopted in 2001, offers an international legal framework for the protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage located in international waters. However, there are still many controversies in this convention. This study uses the method of documentary analysis, and focused on the jurisdiction under the international laws concerned the underwater cultural heritage, for example, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001. The primary purpose of this study is to enhance the knowledge of the international laws of the underwater cultural heritage, and put efforts into the protection of underwater cultural heritage by analyzing laws concerned the underwater cultural heritage.

一、中文部分
(一) 專書
1.尹章華，海洋法概要，文笙書局，1998年8月初版。
2.邱宏達，現代國際法，三民書局，修訂二版三刷，2008年。
3.姜皇池，國際海洋法總論，學林文化事業有限公司，2001年9月。
4.姜皇池，國際海洋法(下冊)，學林文化事業，2004年。
5.陳荔彤，海洋法論，元照出版公司，2002年7月。
6.黃異，國際海洋法，渤海堂文化公司，2001年。
7.傅崐成、宋玉祥，水下文化遺產的國際法保護-2001年聯合國教科文組織《保護水下文化遺產公約》解析，廈門大學法學學術文庫，2006年。
8.奧本海(著)，陳體強、王鐵崖(譯)，「奧本海國際法:上卷；第二分冊」，北京:商務印書館，1972年。
9.趙亞娟，聯合國教科文組織《保護水下文化遺產公約》研究，廈門大學出版社，2007年。
10.聯合國教科文組織世界遺產中心、國際古蹟遺址理事會、國際文物保護與修復研究中心、中國國家文物局，國際文化遺產保護文件選編，文物出版社，2007年。
11.魏靜芬，海洋法，五南，2008年。

(二) 期刊
1.方銀霞、周建平，「聯合國海洋法公約」大陸架的法理和應用條件，中國海洋法學評論，2006年第1期。
2.尹年長，論專屬經濟區的國家主權權利，湛江海洋大學學，Vol. 26 No. 2，2006年。
3.王君玲，水下文化遺產的管轄權和所有權，海洋開發與管理(2007，24(1))。
4.李雙元，國際社會本位的理念與法院地法適用的合理限制，武漢大學學報(社會科學版)，2001年第5期。
5.邱文彥，台北港環境影響評估與水下文物保護，中國海洋法學評論，2010年第2期。
6.姜皇池，論海洋科學研究之國際法規範，台大法學論叢第28卷第4期，1999年7月。
7.胡念祖，國際漁業法體制之演進趨勢與轉變:兼論我國因應之道，第三屆漁業政策研討會論文集，台北市:中華民國漁業合作對外發展協會，1996年。
8.胡念祖，國際海洋法與水下考古，國立中山大學海洋政策研究中心，2003年。
9.胡念祖，文化資產保存法及我國水下文化資產保存、保護與管理專法之立法方向與內容，文化資產保存學刊，第4期，行政院文化建設委員會，2010年。
10.胡念祖，聯合國教科文組織水下文化遺產保護公約與台灣國內立法，水下文化資產保護國際圓桌會議論文集，行政院文化建設委員會，行政院文化建設委員會文化資產總管理處籌備處，2010年。
11.政志軍，聯合國教科文組織保護水下文化遺產公約評析，福建教育學院學報，第3期2011年6月。
12.陳驥，海誓，台北市：華香園出版社，民國1983年12月。
13.張湘、朱強，保護水下文化遺產公約評析，中國海洋法學評論，2006年第1期。
14.張亮、趙亞娟，論水下文化遺產保護的國際法理念，社會科學戰線2012年第8期。
15.黃居正， 無主物、共同遺產與公有物─遺傳與生物資源公約中的財產意識，政大法學評論(TSSCI期刊)，第94期，2006年12月。
16.黃居正，科孚海峽案：領海、國際海峽、無害通過、自衛權Corfu Channel Case, Merits, Judgment of April 9th, 1949, ICJ Reports 1949, p.4，台灣法學雜誌，第183期，2011年9月。
17.黃居正，大陸礁層（利比亞與馬爾他）案：大陸礁層與海域劃界 Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Malta), Judgment of June 3, 1985, I.C.J. Reports 1985, p.13.，台灣法學雜誌，第208期，2012年9月。
18.楊志剛，試談遺產概念及相關觀念的變化，復旦大學文物與博物館細鯿「文化遺產研究集刊」(第二輯)，上海古籍出版社，2001。
19.臧振華，「打撈沈船?打撈古物?」，聯合報，1995年9月10日，第11版。
20.趙亞娟，國際法視角下水下文化遺產的界定，河北法學第26卷第1期，2008年1月。
21.聯合國教育、科學及文化組織，「水下文化遺產保護公約」締約國會議，第四屆會議，第IV號廳 UCH/13/4.MSP/220/7 Rev.2，2013年5月28--29日。
22.願軍及苑利，文化遺產報告-世界文化遺產保護運動的理論與實踐，社會科學文獻出版社，2005年。
23.John D. Broadwater and Ole Varmer，水下考古發展與保護水下文化遺產:美國之觀點，水下文化資產保護國際圓桌會議論文集，行院文化建設委員會，行政院文化建設委員會文化資產總管理處籌備處，2010年。

(三)論文
1.魏明哲，水下文化遺產立法保護管理之研究，國立台灣海洋大學法律研究所碩士論文，1999年。
2.藺明忠，水下考古活動發展與水下文化遺產保護法制之研究，國立台灣海洋大學法律研究所碩士論文，2003年。

(四)網路資料
1.http://twh.boch.gov.tw/taiwan/learn_detail.aspx?id=144
2.http://big5.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1860762.htm
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5.http://marinepolicy.nsysu.edu.tw/files/15-1152-83271,c9415-1.php
6.http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0170001

二、英文部分
(一) 專書
1.Arend, Anthony C., Archaeological and historical objects: the international legal implications of UNCLOS III, in: VJIL 22 (1982).
2.Brownlie, Ian, Principles of Public International Law, 7th edition, Oxford University Press (2008).
3.Caflish, Lucius/Picard Jacques, The legal Regime of Marine Scientific Research and the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, ZaoRV 38, (1978).
4.Churchill, R. R./ Lowe, A. V., The Law of the sea, edition 3rd (1999).
5.David Joseph Attard, the Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law, New York and London: Oxford University Press (1987).
6.DIETER FLECK，THE HANDBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW(SECOND EDITION)，OXFORD (2008).
7.E D Brown, Protection of the underwater cultural heritage-Draft principles and guidelines for implementation of Article 303 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, Marine Policy, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1996).
8.Giorgi, Maria C., Underwater Archaeological and Historical Objects, in: Dupuy, R.-J/Vignes, D. (Hrsg.): A Handbook on the New Law of the Sea, Bd. 1, Dordrecht (1991).
9.Jean-Pierre Lévy, The International Sea-Bed Area, in 1 A HANDBOOK ON The NEW LAW OF THE SEA 587, 590; para. 14, René-Jean Dupuy & Daniel Vignes eds. (1991).
10.Kwaitkowska, Barbara, The 200 mile exclusive economic zone in the new law of the sea, Dordrecht (1989).
11.Martin Dixon and Robert McCorquodale, Law of the Sea, Cases and Materials on International Law, 5th edition (2011).
12.Martin Dixon, Robert McCorquodale, Sarah William, Cases and Materials on International Law (5th ed.), Oxford University Press (2011).
13.Robert Jennings& Arthur Watts(EDS), Oppenhem’s International Law , 9th ed. (1992).
14.Roach J, Smith R. United States responses to excessive maritime claims, 2nd ed. The Hague/Boston/London: Martinus Nijhoff (1996).
15.Ruth Redmond-Cooper, Norman E. Palmer (edited), Cultural Heritage Statutes, Institute of Art and Law (1999).
16.Roberta Garabello ＆Tullio Scovazzi ed., The Crucial Compromise on Salvage Law and the Law of Finds， Guido Carducci，The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Before and After the 2001 UNESCO Convention，Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers (2003).
17.Soons, Alfred H. A., Marine Scientific Research and the Law of the Sea, The Hague (1982).
18.Shabtai Rosenne & Louis Shon (Eds), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary (1989).
19.Tullio Treves, Navigation, in 2 A HANDBOOK ON THE NEW LAW OF THE SEA 835, René-Jean Dupuy & Daniel Vignes eds. (1991).

(二) 專書中論文
1.Kathryn Last, Cultural Pluralism and the Return of Cultural Heritage, in ACCOMMODATING CULTURAL DIVERSITY 123, 124, Stephen Tierney ed. (2007).

(三) 期刊
1.A.V. Loew, The Development of the Concept of Contiguous Zone, 52 BRIT. YB INT’L L. (1981).
2.A.C. Arend, Archaeological and Historical Objects: The International Legal Implications of UNCLOS III, Va. J. Int’l L. 22 (1982).
3.Arend, Anthony C., Archaeological and historical objects: the international legal implications of UNCLOS III, VJIL22 (1982).
4.Anastasia Strati, Deep Seabed Cultural Property and the Common Heritage of Mankind, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol .40 (1991).
5.Anastasia Strati, The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: An Emerging Objective of the Contemporary Law of the Sea, Hague: Kluwer Law International (1995).
6.Alastair Couper, Editorial: The Principle Issues in Underwater Cultural Heritage, Marine Policy, Vol. 20, No. 4 (1996).
7.Allain, Jean, Maritime Wrecks: Where the Lex Ferenda of Underwater Cultural Heritage collides with Lex Lata of the Law of the Sea Convention, Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 38 (1998).
8.Anastasia Strati, Protection of The Underwater Cultural Heritage: From The Shortcomings of the Convention on the Law of the Sea to The Compromises of the UNESCO Convention, Unresolved Issues and New Challenges to the Law of the Sea- Time Before and Time After, Publications on Ocean Development Volume 54 (2006).
9.Braekhus, Sjur, Salvage of Wrecks and Wreckage. Legal Issues Arising from the Runde Find, in: Scandinavian Studies in Law 20 (1976).
10.Bernard H. Oxman, The Third United Nations Conference on the law of the Sea: The Ninth Session (1980), American Society of International Law, Vol.75, No. 2 (1981).
11.Bernard H. Oxman, Marine Archaeology and International Law of the Sea, Columbia-VLA Law& the Arts, Vol. 12, No. 3 (1988).
12.Caflisch, Lucius, Submarine antiquities and the international law of the sea, NYIL 13 (1982).
13.Caminos Hugo, The Legal Regime of Straits, Recuil des Cours 205 (1987).
14.Cottrell, Anne M., The law of the Sea and International marine archaeology: abandoning admiralty law to protect historic shipwrecks, in: Fordham International Law Journal 17 (1994).
15.Craig Forrest, A New International Regime for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51(ICLQ 51) (2002).
16.Craig J. S. Forrest, Defining underwater cultural heritage, The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (2002).
17.Dean E. Cycon, Legal and Regulatory Issues in Marine Archaeology, Oceanus, Vol (1985).
18.Degan, V.D., Internal Waters, NYIL 17 (1986).
19.David J. Bederman, The UNESCO Draft Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage: A Critique and Counter-proposa1, 30(2) lournal of Maritime Law and Commerce (1999).
20.E.D. Brown, The International Law of the Sea, Vol. I, Dartmouth Publishing Company (1994).
21.Fitzmaurice, G., Some Results of the Geneva Conference on the Law of the Sea, ICLQ8 (1959).
22.Forrest Craig, An International Perspective on Sunken State Vessels as Underwater Cultural Heritage, ODIL 34 (2003).
23.Guido Carducci., New Developments in the Law of the Sea: the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, American Journal of International Law, 96 AMJIL 419 (2002).
24.G. Carduzzi, New developments in the law of the sea: The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 96 AJIL (2002).
25.Garabello and Tullio Scovazzi (ed.), The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: Before and after the 2001 UNESCO Convention, published by Brill Academic Publishers (2003).
26.Hayashi, Archaeological and historical objects under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Marine Policy 20 (1996).
27.James A. R. Nafziger, The Buenos Aires Draft Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 6 (1997).
28.J. Allain, Maritime wrecks: Where the lex ferenda of underwater cultural heritage collides with the lex lata of the law of the Law of the Sea Convention, 38 Virginia JIL (1998).
29.Janet Blake, On defining the cultural heritage, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 49 (2000).
30.KEMAL BASLAR, THE CONCEPT OF THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 72, 73 & n.186 (1998).
31.Lowe, A. V., The Development of the Concept of the Contiguous Zone, BYIL 52 (1981).
32.Lyndel Prott and Patrick J. O’Keefe, ‘Cultural heritage’ or ‘cultural property’?, International Journal of Cultural Property, Vol. 1 (1992,).
33.Merryman, J.H. and Elsen, A.E. Hot art: a re-examination of the illegal international trade in cultural objects, 12(3) J. Arts Mgmt. & L. (1982).
34.Meenan, J. K., Note: Cultural Resources Preservation and Underwater Archaeology- Some Notes on the Current Legal Framework and a Model Underwater Antiquities Statute, in: SDLR 15, (1978).
35.Markus Rau, The UNESCO Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage and the International Law of the Sea, Max plank Year book of United Nations Law, Volume 6 (2002).
36.O’keefe, Patrick J., Protecting the underwater cultural heritage: the International Law Association Draft Convention, in: Marine policy 20 (1996).
37.Ole Varmer , The Case against the Salvage of the Cultural Heritage , 30 lournal of Maritime Law and Commerce 292 (1998).
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40.Roucounas, E., Laws Protecting Underwater Finds, 8 Archaeology (1983).
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42.Scovazzi Tullio, The 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Italian Yearbook of International Law 11 (2001).
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44.Splashcos, Early Human Dispersals and Submerged Landscapes, Nature 486, 34(doi:10.1038/486034a) (2012).
45.T. Scovazzi, Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, Environmental Policy and Law 32 (2002).
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48.Valentina Sara Vadi, Investing in Culture: Underwater Cultural Heritage and International Investment Law, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 42:853 (2009).
49.Yorke R, editor. Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Interna- tional Waters Adjacent to the UK: Proceedings of the JNAPC 21st anniversary seminar. Portsmouth: Nautical Archaeological Society (2011).

(四)網路資料
1.http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/
2.http://www.chriscunard.com/titanic.php
3.http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/twentiethcentury/a/,-Sinking-Of-The-Titanic.htm
4.http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
5.http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/
6.http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13062&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
7.http://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
8.http://www.icomos.org/tourism/tourism_charter.html
9.http://www.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf
10.http://www.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.pdf
11.http://icuch.icomos.org/the-icomos-international-committee-on-the-underwater-cultural-heritage/
12.http://www.e-epites.hu/1253
13.http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.pdf
14.http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents
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17.http://cadw.wales.gov.uk/historicenvironment/protection/maritimewrecks/submergedlandscapes/;jsessionid=JVBGTV5M7xgbGwjBKXTGhhLnrXHlSqVmKr9LhpYsJLrpGqnbTJlP!1587771443?lang=en
18.http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/the-underwater-heritage/submerged-landscapes/
19.http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/cosquer/
20.http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/the-underwater-heritage/caves-and-wells/
21.http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_declarations.htm
22.http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm
23.http://www.unesco.org/eri/la/convention.asp?KO=13520&language=E&order=alpha
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25.http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%90%A8%E5%8F%B7?prd=so_1_doc
26.http://www.vasamuseet.se/en/
27.http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta78/EREC848.htm
28.http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.pdf
29.http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-heritage/frequently-asked-questions/
30.http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/1_1_1969.pdf

(五)法規資料
1.Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 14 November 1970.
2.Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage, October 1996.
3.Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, 2 November 2001.
4.European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage, Valetta, 16.I.1992.
5.United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 Secember 1982, U.N.T.S. 1833.
6.Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969, U.N.T.S. 1155.

(六)其他
1.Corfu Channel Case (merit) (United Kingdom/Albania), JCJ Report (1949).
2.ILC Yearbook 1956 II.
3.ILM10 (1971).
4.ILA Cultural Heritage Law Committee, First Report.
5.ILA, Cultural Heritahe Law Committee, Final Report.
6.MANLIO FRIGO, Cultural property v. cultural heritage: A “battle of concepts” in international law? , International Review of the Red Cross, No 854 (2004).
7.RECOMMENDATION 848 (1978) on the underwater cultural heritage
8.Soons, Anastasia, Draft Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage; a commentary for UNESCO, UNESCO Doc. CLT.99/ WS/8 (1999).
9.THE UNESCO COURIER-The State of the world heritage, SEPTEMBER 1997.
10.Vgl. Art. 19 Abs. 2 des Teils I des ISNT (7.5 1975).