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研究生： 黃溫仁
Huang, Wen-Ren
論文名稱： 以步階負載響應估測連續導通模式電壓控制降壓型轉換器之系統特性
System Characterization for Voltage-Mode CCM Buck Converter with Step-Load Response
指導教授： 林瑞禮
Lin, Ray-Lee
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2010
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 105
中文關鍵詞： 電壓模式 、降壓型轉換器 、轉移函數 、步階負載響應 、拉普拉斯 、降階 、相位裕度
外文關鍵詞： voltage-mode, buck converter, transfer function, step-load response, Laplace transform, order reduction, phase margin
相關次數： 點閱：94  下載：3 
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    • 本論文提出一以步階負載響應估測連續導通模式電壓控制降壓型轉換器之系統特性。係因步階負載電流的頻譜振幅會從低頻至高頻開始衰減，在相位裕度頻率點與增益裕度頻率點時的諧波振幅極小，故對系統的輸出電壓影響較低。因此，步階電流可用以分析系統之特性。
    係以步階負載，可求得輸出電壓波形之公式，透過拉普拉斯轉換，輸出電壓波形之公式可轉換至頻域公式，俾以分析系統特性。此外，為簡化高階轉移函數之分析，藉由忽略極點與零點可獲得降階之轉移函數。再者，輔以SIMPLIS®模擬軟體，分析之方法可以被驗證。
    最後，以實驗之開迴路與閉迴路電壓模式降壓型轉換器電路，俾以從輸出電壓波形估測降壓型轉換器之系統特性。

    This thesis presents the system characterization for the voltage-mode continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) buck converter with the step-load response.
    Since the spectrum amplitude of the step-load current decays from the low frequency to the high frequency, the effect on the output voltage of the system can be neglected with the weak harmonic amplitudes at the frequencies of the phase margin and gain margin. Therefore, the step-load current can be used to analyze the system characterization.
    With the step-load, the equation for the responding output voltage waveform can be found. By taking the Laplace transform, the equation for the output voltage waveform is converted to the equation in the S-domain for analyzing the system characterization. Additionally, in order to simplify the analysis of the system characterization, the transfer function of order reduction can be obtained by neglecting the zeros and the poles in the high-order transfer function.
    Moreover, the analytical method can be verified by using the SIMPLIS® simulation software.
    Finally, the experimental open-loop buck converter and closed-loop voltage-mode buck converter can be built to estimate the system characterization from the output voltage waveform, respectively.

    CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. BACKGROUND 1 1.2. MOTIVATION 6 1.3. THESIS OUTLINE 10 CHAPTER 2. LAPLACE TRANSFORM 11 2.1. INTRODUCTION 11 2.2. LAPLACE TRANSFORM 11 2.3. APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM 14 2.4. SUMMARY 15 CHAPTER 3. TIME-DOMAIN ESTIMATION ON SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLTAGE-MODE CCM BUCK CONVERTER 16 3.1. INTRODUCTION 16 3.2. EQUIVALENT DC AND SMALL-SIGNAL MODEL CIRCUITS 16 3.3. TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER 20 3.3.1. DC Analysis 21 3.3.2. Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 23 3.3.3. Open-Loop Line-to-Output Transfer Function 25 3.3.4. Open-Loop Output Impedance Transfer Function 26 3.3.5. Transfer Functions of Closed-Loop Buck Converter 29 3.4. TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF OPEN-LOOP BUCK CONVERTER 34 3.4.1. Equations for Output Voltage Waveform 34 3.4.2. Parameters of Output Voltage Waveform 39 3.4.3. Parameters of Bode Diagrams 42 3.5. TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF CLOSED-LOOP BUCK CONVERTER 44 3.5.1. Equations for Output Voltage Waveform 44 3.5.2. Order Reduction of Closed-Loop Output Impedance 49 3.5.3. Parameters of Bode Diagrams 55 3.6. SUMMARY 57 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF VOLTAGE-MODE CCM BUCK SYSTEM 58 4.1. INTRODUCTION 58 4.2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF OPEN-LOOP BUCK CONVERTER 58 4.3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF CLOSED-LOOP VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER 64 4.4. SUMMARY 67 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 68 REFERENCES 70 APPENDIX A. SPECTRUM OF STEP-LOAD CURRENT 72 APPENDIX B. SIMPLIS® SIMULATION SCHEMATICS AND SIMULATED RESULTS 75 APPENDIX C. MATHCAD® PROGRAMS 79 C.1. PREDICTED PROGRAMS FOR BUCK SYSTEM 79 C.2. PROGRAMS FOR CALCULATING BW, PM, AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM FOR OPEN-LOOP BUCK CONVERTER 83 C.3. PROGRAMS FOR CALCULATING BW, PM, AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM FOR CLOSED-LOOP VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER 86 APPENDIX D. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF BUCK CONVERTER 87 D.1. OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS WITH DIFFERENT PHASE MARGINS 87 D.2. COMPARISON CONTROL-TO-OUTPUT BODE DIAGRAMS AMONG MEASURED, PREDICTED, SIMULATED, AND CALCULATED RESULTS 88 D.3. COMPARISON LOOP GAIN BODE DIAGRAMS AMONG MEASURED, PREDICTED, SIMULATED, AND CALCULATED RESULTS 92 D.4. PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXPERIMENTAL BUCK SYSTEM 96 APPENDIX E. SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION FOR OPEN-LOOP CCM BOOST CONVERTER WITH STEP-LOAD RESPONSE 99 E.1. SPECIFICATIONS AND PARAMETERS FOR OPEN-LOOP BOOST CONVERTER 99 E.2. TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF OPEN-LOOP BOOST CONVERTER 100 E.3. EQUATIONS FOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM 102 E.4. PARAMETERS OF BODE DIAGRAMS 103 VITA 105

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