由於傳統水資源開發頻頻遭受環保意識抬頭、優良建壩位置難尋、開發難度高等因素之影響，導致新水源開發日益困難。為因應產業需水增加，及提高枯旱年供水穩定，政府之水利政策目前已朝向水資源多元化方向發展。海水淡化具有興建時程短、供水擴充彈性大，及能提供穩定與潔淨水源等優勢，已成為一重要新興水源。20世紀以來，由於民眾可以對政府決策過程產生重大影響，因此公眾對海洋資源的了解，對確保其了解國家海洋政策產生的影響至關重要，影響民眾對於海水淡化支持度之可能性因素為其對於海洋的素養程度，先前已有研究發現部分受訪者對海水淡化背景知識程度尚不足，以致無法針對相關問題作更深入地思考，此原因可能與受訪者本身海洋知識素養不足有關。
本研究以台南地區規劃中之海淡廠為例，首先藉由文獻回顧檢視國內外海水淡化科技發展現況及其環境衝擊，進而導入民眾海洋知識素養影響海水淡化政策發展，藉由國外不同研究案例之結果說明其重要性，接著以問卷調查法研究台南地區民眾的海洋知識素養，總共回收有效問卷467份，並經由社會經濟變量與特定情境變量去深入分析，探討與海水淡化政策發展之關聯性，提供政府單位或相關研究人員作為推動海淡廠之參考依據。由分析結果得知，民眾有55.5%不認為未來台南地區的水資源是足夠，而有60.6%同意發展海水淡化來供給水資源，也認為相對於水庫來說海水淡化是更好的供水設施，而在海洋知識程度方面，低年齡、高學歷族群與對海洋關注度較高的民眾有較高的顯著結果，這些擁有較高海洋知識素養的民眾會比較同意發展海水淡化，也相對較同意(77.1%)海淡廠用電使用來自可再生能源。在訊息來源方面，越常透過不同媒體來獲得相關訊息的民眾，其海水淡化知識素養就會比較高。本研究建議若能藉由不同管道讓民眾接觸並更加認識海水淡化，循序漸進地提升民眾的知識素養，就能提高對政府相關政策上的支持度，達到對海洋開發管理更有效的方式。

In response to increasing industrial water demand and to improve the stability of water supply during the drought years, the water policy of the government has been moved toward the diversification of water resources. Seawater desalination has the advantages of short construction time, easy expansion flexibility, and supply for stable and clean water, making it an important alternative as a new water resource. One of the factors that influences people's support for developing seawater desalination is the level of literacy for desalination. Previous studies have found that some respondents are not sufficiently knowledgeable about seawater desalination, so they cannot make more in-depth thinking about related issues and then make decision. This reason may be connected with the lack of ocean literacy of the respondents themselves. In this study, the proposed Tainan seawater desalination plant was used as an example. First, literature review was conducted, focusing on the current development of domestic and foreign seawater desalination technology, and then questionnaire survey was employed to investigate the influence of ocean literacy on the development of seawater desalination. According to the research results, people with higher ocean literacy agree to develop desalination to supply water resources. The results suggest that if the public can be more aware of seawater desalination by gradually improving their ocean literacy, their support for government-related policies can be raised and the marine development can be more effective.

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