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研究生： 方柏超
Fang, Po-Chao
論文名稱： 新型JPEG XR編碼器之POT與PCT運算架構設計
Novel Architecture for POT and PCT in JPEG XR Encoder
指導教授： 賴源泰
Lai, Yen-Tai
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2009
畢業學年度： 97
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 67
中文關鍵詞： POT 、JPEG XR 、PCT
外文關鍵詞： POT, JPEG XR, PCT
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    • 近年來，由於數位影音與網路科技不斷的進步，越來越多的多媒體資料須要好的壓縮演算法來取得更高的影像品質，以及降低資料傳輸時所需要的頻寬。JPEG XR是一個全新提出的靜態影像壓縮演算法，相較於之前的靜態壓縮標準，JPEG XR提升了影像壓縮品質，以及更豐富的影像格式支援性。預計在未來幾年內，將會取代現行的靜態影像壓縮標準。
    　　然而，JPEG XR在提高影像品質的同時，其運算複雜度也跟著上升。其中，又以POT與PCT的運算最為複雜。而且，其運算過程中的資料相依性，造成硬體加速的效果並不明顯。本篇論文將針對POT與PCT之硬體架構實現來修改其演算法，讓POT及PCT在硬體架構實現時能發揮平行處理的特性，達到加速的效果。另外，我們提出兩個方法來節省硬體設計時所需要的面積，以實現低成本且高效能的POT與PCT運算核心。

    In recent years, due to the fast growing of internet and digital multi-media, many digital still images require image compression algorithm to get the higher compression ratio and better image quality. And it also reduces the bandwidth when we are transferring data. JPEG XR is the new international standard for still image compression. Compare to previous standards, it provides better image quality and plentiful pixel format. In the future, we expect that JPEG XR will instead the standard we used.
    However, JPEG XR increases the computation complexity when it provides better quality especially in POT and PCT operations. Moreover, the data dependency in computing process cause the speed up of hardware implementation is unobvious. In this thesis, we propose a modified POT and PCT algorithm. Because most of modified POT/PCT operations can be computed in parallel, it’s suitable in ASIC design. Besides, we propose two methods to save the area cost in ASIC design, which performs the high efficient low cost POT and PCT engine.

    Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Current Image Coding Standards 2 1.2.1 JPEG 2 1.2.2 JPEG 2000 3 1.2.3 JPEG XR 3 1.3 Motivation 4 1.4 Organization of the Thesis 5 Chapter 2 JPEG XR Overview 6 2.1 JPEG XR Image Structure Hierarchy 6 2.1.1 Spatial Hierarchy 6 2.1.2 Frequency Hierarchy 7 2.2 Bitstream Structure 8 2.3 JPEG XR Codec Processing Step 9 2.4 Color Transform 10 2.4.1 RGB → YUV 4:4:4 10 2.4.2 YUV 4:4:4→RGB 10 2.5 Transforms 10 2.5.1 Encoder Transform Overview 10 2.5.2 Photo Overlap Transform 12 2.5.3 Photo Core Transform 16 2.6 Quantization 17 2.7 Coefficient Prediction 17 2.7.1 DC Prediction 17 2.7.2 DCAC Prediction in Lowpass Band 18 2.7.3 DCAC Prediction in Highpass Band 19 2.8 Coefficient Scanning 20 2.8.1 Adaptive Scan Order 20 2.9 Entropy Coding 21 Chapter 3 Related Works 23 3.1 POT/PCT Characteristic 23 3.2 Lifting Structure 25 3.3 Computation Complexity Analysis 28 3.4 SRAM Complexity Analysis 31 3.5 Implementation 34 Chapter 4 Proposed POT and PCT Architecture 35 4.1 Modified POT and PCT Algorithm 35 4.2 Shared POT and PCT Architecture 41 4.3 Low Cost SRAM Architecture 44 Chapter 5 Verification and Experimental Results 49 5.1 Experimental Results 49 5.1.1 Timing Report with tsmc 0.18um Library 51 5.1.2 Area Report with tsmc 0.18um Library 52 5.1.3 IP Information with tsmc 0.18um Library 53 5.1.4 Shared Percentage 53 5.2 Verification on CDK Board 54 5.2.1 Developing AMBA Wrapper 56 5.2.2 Cross Compile 56 5.2.3 Developing Linux driver 57 5.2.4 Encoding Entire Picture on CDK 58 5.3 Developing Fast IO Wrapper for the Architecture 59 5.4 IP information with UMC 90nm library 60 5.4.1 Timing Report with UMC 90nm Library 61 5.4.2 Area Report with UMC 90nm Library 63 Chapter 6 Conclusions 64 REFERENCES 65

    [1] ISO/IEC 10918-4:1999, “Information technology -- Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT)”

    [2] ISO/IEC 10918-1:1994, “Information technology -- digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images - requirements and guidelines.”

    [3] ISO/IEC 29199-2, “JPEG XR image coding system -- Part 2: Image coding specification”.

    [4] ISO/IEC 29199-3, “JPEG XR image coding system -- Part 2: Motion JPEG XR”.

    [5] ARM Corp,“AMBA University Kit

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    [8] Perra, C. and Giusto, D. ” An image browsing application based on JPEG XR,” IEEE Conf. International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing, 2008. CBMI 2008.

    [9] De Neve, W., Yang, S., Van Deursen, D., Kim, C., Ro, Y. M. and Van de Walle, R. ”Analysis of BSDL-based content adaptation for JPEG 2000 and HD Photo (JPEG XR),”IET Conf. International Conference on Visual Information Engineering, 2008.

    [10] Michael Keating and Pierre Bricaud, “REUSE METHODOLOGY MANUAL FOR SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP DESIGNS,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, pp.4, 1999.

    [11] Giusto, D.D. and Onali, T. ”Data Compression for Digital Photography: Performance comparison between proprietary solutions and standards,” IEEE Conf. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, 2007. ICCE 2007.

    [12] Jizheng Xu, Feng Wu, Jie Liang and Wenjun Zhang, “Directional Lapped Transforms for Image Coding”Data Compression Conference, 2008. DDC 2008.

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