隨著全球海運的蓬勃發展，藉由船舶壓艙水傳播之外來種生物侵襲問題，已因其所引發之重大經濟耗費與生態衝擊而逐漸受國際間重視，紛紛制定與通過諸如「生物多樣性公約」和「國際控管船舶壓艙水及沉澱物公約」等規範，以期能防止及根除外來種入侵之情形。各國亦著手於許多船舶運輸型態、壓艙水排放量以及侵襲風險評估之研究，以因應壓艙水導入外來種生物之侵襲。高雄港為我國全球貿易往來主要港口，於海運運輸上極具優勢，我國卻仍未依此現象及國際趨勢制定相關管理辦法，以正視壓艙水導入外來種生物後所會造成之危害。
本研究以1999~2007年高雄港船舶運輸型態分析其海域壓艙水導入外來種之侵襲風險程度，藉由航運運輸量探討近年高雄港進港船舶之噸位發展，並以船舶航運運輸型態分析高雄港進港船舶航運模式之特性，包含船舶種類、船旗國、前一港地區、造訪頻率…等；參考目前國際上壓艙水估算模式，依高雄港進港船舶及貨物進出口貿易量之特性，以「歐洲模式」與「貨物差量模式」概估可能之整體壓艙水排放量；同時以國際海事組織風險評估指南G7為環境吻合侵襲風險評估方法，並依據環境吻合相似度比較、航程天數長短、船舶種類與壓艙水排放量、造訪頻率等四項因素，擬定侵襲風險評估流程。
經研究後發現高雄港面臨進港船舶多為權宜船籍(75.21%)之問題，且四成以上之船舶造訪頻率多無規律性存在，其中僅1.38%之船舶在1999~2007期間每年固定造訪高雄港1次以上，且在此期間之總體船舶中，40%的船舶可涵蓋90%以上之總體進港艘次；依不同方式概估之壓艙水排放量分別為102,895與110,717千噸，可供壓艙水收受處置設施規劃時之參考依據。在侵襲風險評估上，初步研判與高雄港環境吻合地區之港口為香港、福州、澳門、馬尼拉與胡志明市等，且由於其航程距離3天以內，故侵襲風險程度亦較其他地區高，評估後之船舶風險等級可作為後續壓艙水管理辦法擬訂時之參考。總括而言，儘早因應國際趨勢擬定壓艙水管理辦法、執行相關之港口國管制、並規劃收受處置設施，實為高雄港推動興建洲際貨櫃中心時所該慎重考慮之要事。

The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) via ship’s ballast water in recent years has become an emerging problem around the world. In response to this problem, numerous researches have been conducted in order to prevent, eliminate or control this biological pollution. Kaohsiung Harbor is the main international port in Taiwan and plays an important role on the economic development of the country. Therefore, to ensure sustainable management of marine resources and avoid ballast water mediated NIS invasion demands an immediate national attention.
We analyze the shipping data of visited vessel in Kaohsiung Harbor from 1999 to 2007, including tonnage, cargo, vessel type, flag, last port of call, and the frequency of visiting, etc. We also used these information to estimate the maximum ballast water discharge in the harbor. Environmental matching published in IMO Guideline 7 was used to assess the risk of ballast water mediated NIS invasion, where the ports with similar temperature and salinity as Kaohsiung Harbor were analyzed.
We find that most of the ships visited Kaohsiung Harbor are registered by flag of convenience (75.21%). Less than 40% ships showed regular visiting pattern. The estimated ballast water discharge in Kaohsiung Harbor is between 102.9 and 110.7 million tons. In our risk assessment, we noted that ships from Hong Kong, Fuzhou and Manila have higher invasion risk level because of the similar environmental conditions and shorter time of voyage. In addition, procedure for assessing invasion risk was proposed by using the results of environmental matching, time of voyage, vessel type, ballast water discharge, and frequency of visiting.

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