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研究生：	張嘉麟 Chang, Chia-Lin
論文名稱：	無線生醫遙測系統之研製與前端訊號擷取電路晶片之設計 The Implementation of Wireless Biotelemetry System and the Design of the Bio-potential Acquisition Chip
指導教授：	羅錦興 Luo, Ching-Hsing
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	111
中文關鍵詞：	擷取裝置、生醫訊號晶片、生醫遙測系統
外文關鍵詞：	Acquisition Device, Bio-potential Chip, Biotelemetry
相關次數：	點閱：48 下載：0
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本論文主要包含了有關植入式頻帶的系統設計，以及無線生醫遙測系統整合。在植入式的部分，本論文實現了一創新植入式無線生醫通訊系統架構，此系統由三種頻段組成:402 MHz資料傳送、433 MHz無線傳能與2.4 GHz之喚醒控制電路，此三頻無線生醫通訊系統包含了功耗管理的韌體程式以及三頻硬體電路，與本實驗室天線團隊設計的微小化三頻天線整合測試成功，此系統將可大大改善植入式感測裝置電池的損耗。
在無線生醫遙測系統設計的應用，為了擷取相關的生醫訊號，在無線通訊的部分，使用ISM頻帶2.4GHz的ZigBee作為傳輸媒介，透過韌體的控制能有效的利用ZigBee傳輸資料頻寬，有效節省無線傳輸時所需要的功耗，這樣的無線裝置，在傳輸ECG以及EEG時分別可以節省46%以及67%的功耗。而在前端的處理晶片設計，本文亦提供了具備高共模拒斥比(120dB)、低功耗(11.34uW)、高輸入阻抗以及低雜訊等優點的DDA放大晶片，另外加入SAR ADC晶片以作為前端處理晶片，並與乾電極以及其他週邊電路整合，可成功量測到ECG訊號。而為了能長時間記錄生醫訊號，本文亦提出另外一種可攜式的紀錄系統，包含了低功耗DDA放大晶片，並以SD卡做為記錄生醫訊號的儲存裝置，單個通道的ECG訊號一天僅需要85MB的資料空間，此系統中亦成功整合了以PDMS為基底的彈性乾電極，它提供了一個較為彈性且舒適的接觸面，且長時間使用不會造成過敏、紅腫等現象，整體裝置功耗加起來小於1mW，且可使用電池供電，相當適合用於長時間運作的生醫紀錄裝置。

This paper presents a novel triple-band bio-telemetry system and a wireless power-efficient bio-potential acquisition device. The triple-band bio-telemetry system that is implemented using a power management firmware, triple-band communication circuits and a miniaturized implantable antenna for implantable applications. The proposed system effectively covers three bands for 402 MHz at MICS (medical implant communications service) band, 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz at ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band. This triple-band communication circuits consist of a 402 MHz data transmission telemetry and a 433 MHz wireless powering transmission circuit, as well as a 2.4 GHz wake-up controller circuit. The system was successively integrated and could substantially improve the life-time of the implantable device.
In this work, the wireless power-efficient bio-potential acquisition device for long-term healthcare applications that is implemented using low power bio-potential processing chip, PDMS flexible dry electrodes, and wireless power-efficient physiological signal devices. And the wireless device power management of the ubiquitous health care systems is another focus. Hence, this thesis presents a power management method associated with the ZigBee protocol for saving power dissipation. The ECG signals and four EEG signals are successfully transmitted by proposed wireless power-efficient devices and the power consumption is 74.8mW (ECG), 54.4mW (EEG) respectively. Compared with the original sensor without power management (170mW), it saves 56% power in ECG acquisition and 68% power in EEG acquisition.
To acquire differential bio-potentials such as ECG signals, the proposed processing chip fabricated in a standard CMOS process has a high common mode rejection ratio (C.M.R.R.) differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The bio-potential acquisition amplifiers fabricated in a standard CMOS process obtain the following characteristics, high C.M.R.R. (120dB), high input impedance, low power consumption(11.34uW) and low noise for processing biomedical signals. Following the acquisition amplifier, a low power filter with low cut-off frequency is selected to suppress the out-of-band noise and provide better signal-to-noise (SNR). However, the acquisition system requires an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the outputs of the front-end acquisition circuit. A successive approximation register ADC (SAR-ADC) architecture is selected due to its predominant power dissipation property compared to other architectures. Use of the proposed system and integrate simple peripheral commercial devices (MCU and SD card) can obtain the ECG signal efficiently. The data storage value in one day is only around 85MB.
However, the wet electrodes are uncomfortable for long-term monitoring applications since they always require skin preparation and the use of electrolytic gel is physically uncomfortable and inconvenient; it can cause itchiness,occasionally reddening and skin swelling during long-term ECG-measurement. This work presents a novel PDMS flexible dry electrodes (FDE) for obtaining the following advantages (1) changes the shape contact with the skin, provides a flexible and comfortable interface, and (2) that could not cause itchiness, irritation and skin tissue injury during long-term use.

摘要 ....................................................I
ABSTRACT....................................... III
誌謝 .............................................VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................IX
FIGURE CAPTION .......................XII
TABLE CAPTION ................................. XV
Chapter 1Introduction............................... 1
1 Preview of Ubiquitous Healthcare System.......... 1
2 Preview of Implantable Biotelemetry .............. 3
3 Organization of the Dissertation............... 5
Chapter 2 ....................... 8
The novel triple-band implantable system.......... 8
1 Introduction ................................... 8
2 System Description .................. 9
2.1 System Architecturee ....................... 9
2.2 Antenna Implementation ......................... 9
2.3 Data Telemetry ............................ 10
2.4 Wake-up Circuit.......................... 12
2.5 Wireless Powering Circuit................... 17
2.6 RF Switch........................... 17
3 Experimental Results ............... 18
4 CONCLUSION............................... 21
5 Improved 2.4GHz Wake-up Circuit................. 21
5.1 Protocol Description .............................. 24
5.2 WOR Experimental and Current Measurement y........ 25
5.3 Discussion ....................................... 26
5.4 The Energy Estimation of the Novel Triple-Band Implantable System......... 26
6 Acknowledgment ..................................... 27
7 Implantable device .............................. 27
7.1 Sensor Fabrication .................... 28
7.2 Potential Readout Circuit and Measuring Device .... 30
Chapter 3 POWER-EFFICIENT WIRELESS DEVICE .............. 34
1 Introduction .......................... 34
2 Material and Methods ............................ 36
2.1 Hardware Overview......................... 36
2.2 Novel Power Management Method ............. 40
2.3 Firmware Overview ................................ 41
3 Experimental Details................................ 43
4 Results and Discussion................. 44
5 Conclusion........................................ 48
Chapter 4 ........................................... 48
bio-potential acquisition DEVICE ................ 48
1 Introduction .......................... 48
2 Materials and Methods.............................. 50
2.1 DS-MDE.............................. 50
2.2 The Proposed Bio-Potential Acquisition Circuits.... 52
2.3 Implementation of the Proposed Bio-potential Acquisition Chip-DDA. 53
2.4 Implementation of the Proposed Bio-potential Acquisition Chip-ADC.... 55
2.5 Peripheral Devices for Data Transmission and Storage.. 59
3 Experimental Results and Discussion........... 60
4 Conclusions ....................... 64
Chapter 5 ............................ 65
LonG-TERM RECORDING DEVICE & DRY ELECTRODES ........ 65
1 Introduction ...................................... 65
2 MCU................................................ 66
3 SD Card............................................ 68
3.1 Introduction of SD Card........................... 68
3.2 Introduction of File Allocation Table (FAT16)...... 71
4 Regulator ........................ 71
5 The implementation of the Acquisition Chip—Chopper DDA... 73
5.1 Introduction of DDA......................... 74
5.2 Measurement of ECG.......................... 77
6 Novel Flexible Dry Electrodes ................. 80
6.1 Introduction of Electrodes..................... 80
6.2 Mehtods and Materials............................. 82
6.3 Results and Discussion................... 85
7 Conclusion........................ 92
Chapter 6 CONCLUSION............................ 96
1 Achievement............................. 96
2 Future Work....................................... 97
REFERENCE............................... 99
PUBLICATION LIST.............................. 109
VITA …………………………………….111
                                    

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