本文結合人工智慧、物聯網與區塊鏈技術提出一V2X區塊鏈電力交易與電能管理平台，目的為提供商辦大樓電動車充電場站進行多層次電力交易，包含跨微電網的綠電交易、微電網內的綠電充放電與雙向充放電交易、需量反應競價與車對車緊急救援充電。本創新架構將智慧合約與分散式帳本分開獨立運行，利用智慧合約處理電力交易平台的投標、媒合與結算，同時將充電樁與本地端伺服器作為分散式帳本節點，即時地將詳細交易訊息與充電電力資訊上鏈，如此不僅能夠保持數據的安全與公正性，更能處理大量的上鏈訊息。
透過創新的區塊鏈分散式帳本技術，將電動車充電樁設計為本地端區塊鏈分散式帳本節點，與雲端伺服器中的區塊鏈系統與區塊鏈分散式帳本同步運行，分散式帳本記錄電動車的每一度充放電，除了能保護資料不會遭受惡意竄改，更能讓電動車主掌握電動車參與電力交易的調度情形，使交易保持公平性。雙層式智慧電能管理系統建置於區塊鏈智慧合約，整合人工智慧模組、集中式最佳化調度模組、分散式最佳化控制模組，以邊緣運算的方式進行，人工智慧模組負責再生能源發電與負載用電預測。集中式最佳化調度模組與分散式最佳化控制模組以雙層式的架構運行，上層以每十五分鐘的時間間隔，進行整個電動車充電站的最佳化電動車充放電調度，下層以分散式的架構於各電動車充電樁，進行五分鐘一次的最佳化充放電排程控制。
本文已完成整體V2X區塊鏈電力交易與電能管理系統平台的架構設計，亦完成實際區塊鏈電力交易測試平台與相關系統的建置，並於實際場域進行電動車充電樁的整合測試與區塊鏈分散式帳本節點的佈署，上鏈速度約為0.06秒，即可將詳細交易訊息與充電電力資訊上鏈。透過本研究所提出的雙層優化架構，以分散、去中心化的方式對電動汽車進行優化充放電控制，可減少電動車充電站58%的契約容量超約成本、減少11.55%的營運成本，並利用雙向充放電控制減少10%的電動車車主充電成本，同時可達成數百支電動車充電樁的即時控制。本文期望在未來能夠透過此一平台，滿足電動車市場快速增加後的充放電交易需求，並解決因再生能源占比提高，所導致的電網即時供需失衡問題。同時，經由整合各類分散式電力資源，透過電力交易平台完成電力調度，使整體的電力使用效率能夠最大化，減少電力資源的浪費。

In this dissertation, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, and blockchain technology were combined to develop a Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) blockchain power trading and energy management platform with the objective of enabling multi-level power transactions for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging stations in or between commercial buildings. The proposed platform considers green power transactions across microgrids, bidirectional power and green power charging and discharging transactions in microgrids, demand response bidding, and vehicle-to-vehicle emergency rescue charging. This innovative architecture operates smart contracts and distributed ledgers independently; uses smart contracts to handle bidding, matching, and settlement of the power trading platform; and simultaneously employs the cloud and local distributed ledger nodes to chain the detailed real-time transaction information and power data on the ledger. In this manner, the security and fairness of data can be ensured; furthermore, a large amount of chaining information can be processed.
Through the innovative blockchain distributed ledger technology, EV charging pile is designed as a local blockchain distributed ledger node, which operates synchronously with blockchain system and blockchain distributed ledger in cloud server. The distributed ledger is in charge of recording all the EV charging and discharging data to maintain fairness of power transactions, protects data from being maliciously tampered, and enables the EV user to monitor status of the EV participating in power transactions and dispatching. Double-layered intelligent energy management system is built in blockchain smart contract, consists of an artificial intelligence (AI) module, centralized optimal scheduling module, and decentralized optimal control module. The AI module is responsible for forecasting renewable energy generation and load consumption. There is a two-layer architecture consisting of centralized and decentralized optimal control modules; the upper layer performs optimal charging and discharging scheduling of the entire EV charging station at time 15-min time segments, the bottom layer performs distributed optimal scheduling control in each EV charging pile at 5 min time interval.
The design of the overall V2X blockchain power trading and Charging Station Management System (CSMS) platform, construction of an actual blockchain power trading test platform and related systems, integration tests of EV charging piles, and deployment of blockchain distributed ledger nodes were completed in this dissertation. The average latency of uploading transaction and power data to the chain is 0.06 s. In cooperation with the double-layer optimization architecture proposed in this dissertation and optimal charging and discharging control of EVs in a decentralized and distributed way, the prosed model can reduce charging station penalty cost of contract capacity by 58%, decrease operating cost by 11.55%, decrease charging cost of EV users participating in smart bidirectional charging and discharging by about 10%, and hundreds of charging piles can be managed within acceptable execution time. This platform is expected to meet demands for charging and discharging transactions when the number of EVs increases rapidly and solve the real-time supply and demand imbalance problems caused by the high proportion of renewable energy. Meanwhile, by integrating a diversity of distributed power resources and completing power scheduling through the power trading platform, the overall power utilization efficiency can be maximized and the wastage of power resources can be reduced.

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