太陽能光電為臺灣2050淨零排放路徑中能源結構轉型的重要途徑之一，其中針對光電設施發展短中期階段性目標提及，期望2025 年累計設置 20GW ，並於2050 年達到 40~80GW。然而根據經濟部能源局統計結至2024年1月，臺灣光電設置量為12.5GW，必然於短時間內衍伸大量的光電開發空間需求。而當前農業用地越來越多被用來安裝太陽能設施，並間接造成周邊農地轉用的可能性，對於開發後是否使土地本身及周邊農業生產環境造成影響仍受各界質疑。
回顧過往審議案件及新聞媒體發現，多數案例無明確受影響數據進行佐證，對於國內外研究尚主要針對光電板下小範圍之環境影響，鮮少以大尺度討論其周邊情形。然而根據前人研究顯示，光電設施對於周邊影響可能非小範圍區域，會不同程度地影響該城市所有區的農田，是以研究不應侷限於光電板下該宗地之討論，應擴大空間尺度探討周邊之環境。
故本研究以臺南市為研究範圍，收集光電設施政策發展歷程、農地審議開發案件、新聞媒體報導案例、委員提及之疑慮、國內外相關研究資料等，將可能受光電設施影響之因子整理歸類，並針對稻作、虱目魚、地表溫度等三項目，透過三階段研究設計，以大空間尺度逐步聚焦中、小尺度，探討農地光電與各個可能受影響因子之間的相關性，並分析個別因子受影響程度、範圍，進行初探型研究。
研究結果發現，農地光電設置對於農地變遷之發生可能具有影響及貢獻，兩者間呈現顯著且正向空間相關性。而稻作產量、虱目魚放養量及地表溫度，均不同程度的於光電設施出現後，發生產量、放養量下降及溫度升高等空間耦合，並於周邊不同範圍內呈現不同受影響程度。其中對於周邊影響程度及範圍之分析顯示，其設置首年對於周邊0.5公里內稻作變遷及地表溫度升溫具有較明顯影響性，並隨設施面積及設置時間增加而促使更多的熱區聚集，然設置區位如鄰近都計區及鄉村區周邊，而非較完整之農業用地連續面，可能將於光電設置次年出現其他更具影響力之自變數造成環境變化。

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the important pathways for energy structure transformation in Taiwan's 2050 net-zero emissions roadmap. However, as of January 2024, the installed capacity is 12.5 GW, still a long way from the 20 GW target set for 2025. Facing substantial spatial demand, land use changes, particularly the increasing use of agricultural land for solar PV installations, have become notable. According to previous research, the impact of PV facilities on their surroundings may not be limited to small areas, and whether these facilities affect the land itself and the surrounding agricultural production environment remains a subject of debate.
This study focuses on Tainan City, reviewing relevant domestic and international research data and cases, and examining three aspects—rice cultivation, milkfish farming, and surface temperature—through a three-stage research design. It gradually narrows the spatial scope from a large scale to medium and small scales to explore the correlations between farmland PV facilities and various potentially affected factors, analyzing the extent and scope of the impact on each individual factor in a preliminary exploratory study.
The research results indicate that the installation of PV facilities on farmland shows a significant and positive spatial correlation with farmland changes. The yield of rice, the stocking volume of milkfish, and surface temperature all showed varying degrees of spatial coupling after the appearance of PV facilities, with yield and stocking volume decreasing and temperature increasing. In particular, the first year of PV installation had a more noticeable impact on rice yield changes and surface temperature increases within 0.5 kilometers of the surroundings. As the facility area and installation time increased, more hotspots gathered. However, if the installation location is near urban planning areas and not in more continuous agricultural land, other more influential independent variables may cause environmental changes in the second year following PV installation.

1. 宋挺、段崢、劉軍志、嚴飛、黃君、吳蔚，2014，基於 Landsat-8 衛星遙感資料的地表溫度反演演算法對比研究，環境監控與預警，6(5)：4-14。
2. 徐涵秋，黃紹霖，2016，Landsat 8 TIRS 熱紅外光譜資料定標準確性的分析.光譜與光譜分析, 36 (06), 1941-1948。
3. 陳姿伶，張學聖，2018，地震風險地區土地使用規劃與土地利用關聯性分析-以車籠埔斷層為例，都市與計劃，45(2)，161-185。
4. 張晏菁、徐逸祥、林峰正，2019，應用空間迴歸模式探討都市綠地、PM2. 5 與地表溫度之關聯，航測及遙測學刊，24(1)，第25-34頁。
5. 覃志豪, Minghua, Z., Karnieli, A., & Berliner, P. (2001).以陸地衛星TM6 資料演算地表溫度的單窗演算法(Doctoral dissertation)。
6. 趙英時 (2003)。遙測應用分析原理與方法。北京：科學出版社。
7. 賴偉, 雲洛, 王淼, 蘇世良, 皮建華, 李桂. (2020). 農業政策的基本碎片化指標：在中國城市化過程中將景觀格局、生態系統服務和土地利用管理聯繫起來。
8. Armstrong, A., Waldron, S., Whitaker, J., & Ostle, N. J. (2014). Wind farm and solar park effects on plant–soil carbon cycling: uncertain impacts of changes in ground‐level microclimate. Global change biology, 20(6), 1699-1706.
9. Armstrong, A., Ostle, N. J., & Whitaker, J. (2016). Solar park microclimate and vegetation management effects on grassland carbon cycling. Environmental Research Letters, 11(7), 074016.
10. Château, P. A., Wunderlich, R. F., Wang, T. W., Lai, H. T., Chen, C. C., & Chang, F. J. (2019). Mathematical modeling suggests high potential for the deployment of floating photovoltaic on fish ponds. Science of the total environment, 687, 654-666.
11. Cho, J., Park, S. M., Park, A. R., Lee, O. C., Nam, G., & Ra, I. H. (2020). Application of photovoltaic systems for agriculture: A study on the relationship between
12. Chang, P. H., Shih, C. H., & Kao, W. C. (2023). Optimizing the Fishery and Solar Power Symbiosis Model for Sustainable Marine Resource Management: Evaluating the Effects of Solar Shading on the Growth and Water Quality of Litopenaeus vannamei and Chanos chanos. Water, 15(18), 3260.
13. Demirezen, E., Ozden, T., & AKINOĞLU, B. G. (2022). Analysis And Assessment Of Daily And Seasonal Photovoltaic Heat İsland Effect On Sekbandemirli Rural Region By Local Weather Data Records. Isı Bilimi ve Tekniği Dergisi, 42(2), 157-168.
14. Elhabodi, T. S., Yang, S., Parker, J., Khattak, S., He, B. J., & Attia, S. (2023). A review on BIPV-induced temperature effects on urban heat islands. Urban Climate, 50, 101592.
15. Getis, A. (2009). Spatial weights matrices. Geographical Analysis, 41(4), 404-410.
16. Gibson, L., Wilman, E. N., & Laurance, W. F. (2017). How green is ‘green’energy?. Trends in ecology & evolution, 32(12), 922-935.
17. Gonocruz, R. A., Nakamura, R., Yoshino, K., Homma, M., Doi, T., Yoshida, Y., & Tani, A. (2021). Analysis of the rice yield under an Agrivoltaic system: A case study in Japan. Environments, 8(7), 65.
18. Ioannidis, R., & Koutsoyiannis, D. (2020). A review of land use, visibility and public perception of renewable energy in the context of landscape impact. Applied Energy, 276, 115367.
19. Jo, H., Asekova, S., Bayat, M. A., Ali, L., Song, J. T., Ha, Y. S., ... & Lee, J. D. (2022). Comparison of yield and yield components of several crops grown under agro-photovoltaic system in Korea. Agriculture, 12(5), 619.
20. Käfer, P. S., Rolim, S. B. A., Diaz, L. R., Rocha, N. S. D., Iglesias, M. L., & Rex, F. E. (2020). Comparative analysis of split-window and single-channel algorithms for land surface temperature retrieval of a pseudo-invariant target. Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas, 26, e2020008.
21. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. biometrics, 159-174.
22. Lai, M. C., Wu, P. I., Liou, J. L., Chen, Y., & Chen, H. (2019). The impact of promoting renewable energy in Taiwan—How much hail is added to snow in farmland prices?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 241, 118519.
23. Manta, E., Ioannidis, R., Sargentis, G. F., & Efstratiadis, A. (2020). Aesthetic evaluation of wind turbines in stochastic setting: Case study of Tinos island, Greece. Proceedings of the European Geosciences Union General Assembly.
24. Odland, J. (2020). Spatial autocorrelation.
25. Späth, L. (2018). Large-scale photovoltaics? Yes please, but not like this! Insights on different perspectives underlying the trade-off between land use and renewable electricity development. Energy policy, 122, 429-437.
26. Sargentis, G. F., Siamparina, P., Sakki, G. K., Efstratiadis, A., Chiotinis, M., & Koutsoyiannis, D. (2021). Agricultural land or photovoltaic parks? The water–energy–food nexus and land development perspectives in the thessaly plain, Greece. Sustainability, 13(16), 8935.
27. Tsoutsos, T., Frantzeskaki, N., & Gekas, V. (2005). Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies. Energy policy, 33(3), 289-296.
28. Toledo, C., & Scognamiglio, A. (2021). Agrivoltaic systems design and assessment: A critical review, and a descriptive model towards a sustainable landscape vision (three-dimensional agrivoltaic patterns). Sustainability, 13(12), 6871.
29. Vrînceanu, A., Grigorescu, I., Dumitrașcu, M., Mocanu, I., Dumitrică, C., Micu, D., ... & Mitrică, B. (2019). Impacts of photovoltaic farms on the environment in the Romanian Plain. Energies, 12(13), 2533.
30. Vervloesem, J., Marcheggiani, E., Choudhury, M. A. M., & Muys, B. (2022). Effects of Photovoltaic Solar Farms on Microclimate and Vegetation Diversity. Sustainability, 14(12), 7493.
31. Wan, J., Zhu, M., & Ding, W. (2021). Accuracy evaluation and parameter analysis of land surface temperature inversion algorithm for Landsat-8 data. Advances in Meteorology, 2021, 1-16.
32. Wang, T. W., Chang, P. H., Huang, Y. S., Lin, T. S., Yang, S. D., Yeh, S. L., ... & Chen, C. C. (2022). Effects of floating photovoltaic systems on water quality of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture Research, 53(4), 1304-1315.
33. Zhang, Y., Tian, Z., Liu, B., Chen, S., & Wu, J. (2023). Effects of photovoltaic power station construction on terrestrial ecosystems: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 1151182.

 報告書
1. 臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明
2. 經濟部能源局109年太陽光電6.5GW達標計畫
3. 經濟部能源局109年太陽光電辦理情形
4. 行政院太陽光電 2 年推動計畫，中華民國 106 年 9 月
 統計資料
1. 經濟部能源署歷年再生能源設置容量統計
2. 經濟部能源署取得電業設置發電設備工作許可證太陽光電案場土地地號
3. 內政部營建署非都市地區開發審議案件查詢系統
4. 農業部農糧署農情報告資源網-鄉鎮稻作查詢
5. 農業部漁業署養殖漁業放養查詢平臺
 新聞媒體
1. 上下游新聞: 光電侵農大調查，直擊上百案場，揭發四大亂象，直擊臺南50個案例。2020/07/23。(https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/solar-invasion/tainan50/)
2. 上下游新聞: 光電又搶佔石虎棲地，這次更大片！苗栗7.6公頃開發案，恐砍樹阻斷石虎生態廊道。2021/02/19。(https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/145476/)
3. 上下游新聞: 虱目魚為何變貴了？魚價來到十年高點，漁電衝擊產量大減、成本上漲雙重夾擊。2021/12/24。(https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/162844/)
4. 報導者: 當光電包圍漁村：七股漁電共生風波再起，居民在抗議什麼？2022/11/11。(https://www.twreporter.org/a/qigu-fishery-electricity-symbiosis)
5. 上下游新聞: 後壁農地種電真相：以「農電共生」之名綁地 青農跳腳，地方憂：俗女村恐變光電村。2023/03/29。(https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/184272/)
6. 上下游新聞: 光電猛衝卻衝突不斷，淨零論壇聚焦：需強化事前評估，增加政策環評、擴大環社檢核。2023/04/19。(https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/184876/)
7. 鏡新聞: 農業、光電共存兩難？屏東種電天堂烽火連天。2023/04/29。(https://www.mnews.tw/story/20230429rep001)
8. ESG遠見: 學者解謎：廣設太陽能板恐影響降雨、導致乾旱？。2023/05/10。(https://esg.gvm.com.tw/article/27304)
9. 風傳媒: 觀點投書：太陽能板的光電效應，加速極端氣候。2023/09/18。(https://www.storm.mg/article/4869573)
10. 聯合新聞網: 光電板設置導致增溫，環境部擬規範間隔、加強通風。2024/03/21。(https://udn.com/news/story/7270/7847386)