本研究旨在探討臺灣新聞媒體對海水淡化議題之長期報導趨勢與其意涵演變，並分析新聞媒體如何在不同時期形塑海水淡化的公共形象。隨著全球氣候變遷加劇、水資源供需失衡問題日益嚴重，海水淡化逐漸由過去的替代性水源轉變為重要的策略性供水工具。臺灣降雨時空分布不均、極端氣候事件頻繁及2021 年百年大旱，使政府開始重視多元水源開發，並將海水淡化納入水資源韌性治理的重要一環。然而海水淡化同時涉及能源消耗、環境衝擊、成本負擔與社會接受度等多重議題，使其成為具有高度爭議性的公共政策議題。
新聞媒體不僅是資訊傳遞者，更是影響公眾認知與政策討論的重要角色，因此本研究採用內容分析法，蒐集臺灣主要新聞媒體近25 年間與海水淡化相關之報導，透過系統化編碼與量化分析，探討報導量的時間變化、議題主題分布、消息來源結構以及報導態度傾向，並進一步結合重大水資源事件與政策發展，分析媒體報導趨勢與社會脈絡之間的關聯。
研究結果顯示，臺灣海水淡化議題之媒體報導呈現明顯的階段性變化。早期報導多集中於離島供水與技術層面，隨著氣候變遷與缺水風險升高，報導量逐漸增加，並在重大乾旱事件期間出現顯著高峰。議題主軸亦由單純的工程技術轉向多面向討論，包括水資源安全、產業用水需求、環境衝擊與社會爭議等。消息來源方面，政府機關與專家學者為主要資訊來源，但隨著議題公共性提高，地方居民、公民團體與漁業相關利害關係人之聲音亦逐漸增加。報導態度方面，整體呈現由較為中性與支持導向，逐步轉為支持與質疑並存的多元論述結構。
此外，本研究亦發現媒體報導量與公共關注之間具有高度連動關係，符合報導量理論之觀點。當海水淡化議題在媒體中被頻繁報導時，其政治顯著性與政策討論程度亦隨之提升，顯示媒體在議程設定與公共議題建構中具有關鍵影響力。綜上所述，海水淡化在臺灣已從邊緣性技術議題，逐步轉變為涉及環境、經濟與社會面向的核心公共議題，而媒體在其中扮演了重要的中介與放大角色。
本研究建議，未來在推動海水淡化政策時，除強化技術與經濟可行性外，亦應重視媒體溝通與社會對話，以提升政策透明度與社會接受度，並促進多元利害關係人之參與，從而強化水資源治理之整體韌性。

This study examines the long-term evolution of media coverage on desalination in Taiwan and how news media shape its public discourse. Within increasing pressures from climate change, water scarcity, and extreme events such as the 2021 drought, desalination has shifted from a supplementary option to a strategic water resource. Using content analysis of news articles over the past 25 years, this study analyzes reporting trends, thematic focus, information sources, and tone. The results show that media coverage has grown significantly over time, especially during drought periods, with themes expanding from technical issues to broader concerns such as water security, environmental impacts, economic costs, and social debates. While government agencies and experts remain dominant sources, the presence of local communities and the public has increased. The tone of coverage has also evolved from largely neutral or supportive to a more balanced mix of supportive and critical perspectives. The findings suggest a strong relationship between media attention and public awareness, supporting agenda-setting theory. Overall, desalination in Taiwan has transformed into a complex public issue, with media playing a key role in influencing perception and policy discussion, highlighting the importance of effective communication and public engagement in future policymaking.

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